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{{Infobox WorldScouting
[[Image:Magyar Cserkészszövetség membership badge.png|thumb|Membership badge of Magyar Cserkészszövetség, featuring the [[Crown of St. Stephen|Crown of Saint Stephen]] ]]
| name            = Magyar Cserkészszövetség
| image            = Magyar Cserkészszövetség 2010.svg
| caption          = Hungarian Scout Association
| type            =
| owner            =
| age              =
| headquarters    =
| location        = [[Budapest]]
| country          = [[Hungary]]
| coords          =
| f-date          = 1912
| defunct          =
| founders        = yes
| founder          = Alajos Izsóf<ref name= "Ragyogj">Bakay Kornél(1989): Ragyogj cserkészliliom. p.22. Budapest</ref> <br /> Béla Megyercsy<ref name= "Ragyogj"/> <br /> Gyula Papp<ref name= "Ragyogj"/> <br /> Sándor Sík<ref name= "Ragyogj"/>
| award-for        =
| members          = 10,500 (2014)
| chiefscouttitle  = Országos Elnök (Nationwide President)
| chiefscout      = Barnabás Buday<ref name= "cserkesz.hu">{{cite web|url=http://www.mcssz.hu/szovetsegunk/orszagos-elnokseg|title=www.cserkesz.hu}} (Hungarian)</ref>
| chiefscouttitle2 = Országos Ügyvezető Elnök (Nationwide Managing President)
| chiefscout2      = Péter Henn<ref name="cserkesz.hu" />
| chiefscouttitle3 = Országos Vezetőtiszt
| chiefscout3      = Balázs Solymosi<ref name="cserkesz.hu" />
| website          = {{URL|http://www.cserkesz.hu/}}
| affiliation      = [[World Organization of the Scout Movement]]
| pattern_head    = barehead
| color_head      =
| pattern_body    = shirt short sleeves
| color_body      = D2B48C
| pattern_legs    = shorts
| color_legs      = 9AB973
}}


'''Magyar Cserkészszövetség''', the primary national [[Scouting]] organization of Hungary, was founded in 1912, and became a member of the [[World Organization of the Scout Movement]] in 1990. The coeducational Magyar Cserkészszövetség has 7,198 members as of 2004.
'''Magyar Cserkészszövetség''' (''Hungarian Scout Association''), the primary national [[Scouting]] organization of [[Hungary]], was founded in 1912, and became a member of the [[World Organization of the Scout Movement]] in 1922 and again after the rebirth of Scouting in the country in 1990. The coeducational Magyar Cserkészszövetség had 8,145 members in 2011.<ref name="Census_2010">{{cite web |title=Triennal review: Census as at 1 December 2010|url=http://scout.org/en/content/download/22261/199900/file/Census.pdf |publisher=World Organization of the Scout Movement |accessdate=2011-01-13}}</ref>


Scouting in Hungary is maintained through Magyar Cserkészet Tanácsa, the Council of Hungarian Scouting. There are two associations in this national federation, '''Magyar Cserkészszövetség''', the Hungarian Scout Association, and '''Magyar Cserkészcsapatok Szövetsége'''. Also serving Hungarian Scouts is '''[[Magyar Cserkészlány Szövetség]]''', the Association of Hungarian Girl Guides.
==History==
The first Scouting activity in Hungary was the raft trip on the river [[Váh|Vág]] in 1908.<ref name= "50 Jahre">{{cite journal |author=Franz Harangozó|title =Aus der Pfadfinderwelt-50 Jahre Pfadfinder in Ungarn| journal = Unser Ziel-Monatsschrift für Führer und Mitarbeiter|publisher= Pfadfinder Österreichs| pages =30–31|language = German |date=October 1957 }}</ref><ref name="Ziegler">{{cite book
  | last = Ziegler
  | first = Horst
  | title = Die Geschichte der österreichischen Pfadfinderbewegung aus steirischer Sicht
  | publisher =Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Österreichs-Landesverband Steiermark
  | year = 1999
  | location = Fürstenfeld
  | language = German
  | page =}}</ref>{{rp|17}}  In 1909 Hungarian newspapers reported about [[Scouting in England]], and some chapters of ''[[Scouting for Boys]]'' were published as well.<!--by who? --> [[István Kanitz]] bought Baden-Powell's book ''Scouting for Boys'' and started the first unofficial Scout troop with friends. The first official troops were founded in 1910<ref name= "Holzmann">{{cite journal|author=Michael Holzmann|title =EU-Erweiterung Die Neuen kommen-Ungarn|journal=PPÖ-Brief|publisher=Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Österreichs| pages =7–8|language = German |volume = 1/2004|year=2004}}</ref> in [[school]]s and [[Christian youth association]]s. The first Scout troops in the [[Austria-Hungary|dual monarchy]], the troops at the Piarist High School, Calvinist Youth Club and Regnum Marianum, were founded in [[Budapest]] in 1910.<ref name="50 Jahre"/><ref name="Pribich"/>{{rp|10}} In 1912 the Hungarian Scout Association ('''Magyar Cserkész Örszem Szöveség''') was founded.<ref name="Ziegler"/>{{rp|18}}<ref name="Holzmann"/><ref name="Pribich">{{cite book
  | last = Pribich
  | first = Kurt
  | title = Logbuch der Pfadfinderverbände in Österreich
  | publisher = Pfadfinder-Gilde-Österreichs
  | year = 2004
  | location = Vienna
  | pages = 9–10
  | language = German}}</ref>{{rp|9–10}}


== History ==
Important Scouting pioneers in Hungary were [[Sándor Sík]],<ref name="100 éves">{{cite book
Hungarian Scouting was founded in [[1909]] under Austria-Hungary, and the first Scout group in the dual monarchy, ''MCA-1912 HAS'', was founded in Budapest in [[1910]]. Scouting started in the separate nation of Hungary in [[1919]], at the end of World War I, when Austria and Hungary were divided. In [[1920]], the magazine ''Magyar Cserkész'' ("Hungarian Scout") was first published.
  | title = Száz éves a magyar cserkészet...a világot átfogó mozgalom!
  | publisher = Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség
  | year = 2010
  | location =  
  | pages =
  | language =Hungarian}}</ref>{{rp|23}} [[László Králik]],<ref name="100 éves"/>{{rp|21}} [[Fritz de Molnar]] and [[Aladar de Szillassy]].<ref name="100 éves"/>{{rp|22}} Fritz de Molnar brought a copy of ''Scouting for Boys'' from Sweden to Hungary and started Scouting in the [[Piarist College]].<ref name="wilson">{{cite book
  | last = Wilson
  | first = John S.
  | title = Scouting Round the World
  | publisher = Blandford Press
  | year = 1959
  | location = London
  | edition = first}}</ref>{{rp|80}} Fritz de Molnar later became the Hungarian International Commissioner<ref name="wilson"/>{{rp|43}} and Deputy Camp Chief.<ref name="wilson"/>{{rp|81}}<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Gilwell´s Fritz de Molnar Hall-An impressive Opening Ceremony |journal=The Victorian Scout |page=11 |date=February 1964}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title =Aus der Pfadfinderwelt-Fritz von Molnar| journal = Unser Ziel-Organ für Führer und Mitarbeiter der Pfadfinder Österreichs|publisher= Pfadfinder Österreichs| page =140 |language = German |date=September 1961}}</ref>  He was the man who won the heart of Count [[Pál Teleki]] for Scouting.<ref name="wilson"/>{{rp|81–82}} Aladar de Szillassy, a teacher and member of the YMCA in Budapest, started a translation of Scouting for Boys<ref name="Pribich"/>{{rp|9}} and with the support of the National Secretary of the Hungarian YMCA, he started Scouting as part of the YMCA in Budapest.<ref name="wilson"/>{{rp|80–81}}
The [[Piarists|Piarist]] Priest Sík Sándor finished the translation of Scouting for Boys.<ref name="100 éves"/>{{rp|23}}


Hungary was a founding member of the World Scout Bureau in [[1922]] and later was a founding member of the [[World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts]], WAGGGS, which was in fact established in [[Parád]], Hungary, in [[1928]].  
Another influence supporting the beginning of Scouting in Hungary was the youth magazine ''Zaszlónk'' ("Our Flag").<ref name="50 Jahre"/>  Hungarian Scouts worked closely with [[Boy Scouts and Girl Guides of Austria|Austrian Scouts]].
In 1917 a Scout exhibition in Vienna was organized by the Hungarian and Austrian Scouts.<ref name="Pribich"/>{{rp|27}}
The Hungarian Scout Association was the Scout association for the Kingdom of Hungary ([[Transleithania]]), while the [[Österreichischer Pfadfinderbund]] was the association for [[Cisleithania]].


In [[1924]], at the [[World Scout Jamboree]] in Copenhagen, Hungarian Scouts attending their first jamboree came third in the competition of the nations, behind British and American Scouts. They were especially good at water sports, astounding many as Hungary is a landlocked country.
===Growth during early 20th century===


The first Hungarian National Jamboree in [[1926]] had 10,000 participants.
During [[World War I]] Hungarian Scouts cared for the wounded.<ref name="Pribich"/>{{rp|21}} After World War I Scout groups were founded in many schools and the first student Scouting groups appeared.<ref name="50 Jahre"/> Troops were also founded in factories.<ref name="50 Jahre"/> In 1920, the first Hungarian Scouting magazine ''Cserkész'' ("Hungarian Scout") was published. In 1922 [[Pál Teleki|Teleki Pál]], a prominent man was elected as Chief Scout and later served as Honorary Chief Scout.<ref name="Kroonenberg">{{cite book
  | last = Kroonenberg
  | first = Piet J.
  | authorlink = Piet J. Kroonenberg
  | title = The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe
  | publisher = Oriole International Publications
  | location = Geneva
  | year = 1998
  | isbn = 2-88052-003-7 }}</ref>{{rp|248}}<ref name="teleki">{{cite book
  | author = Balázs Ablonczy
  | title = Pál Teleki (1879-1941)-The Life of a Controversial Hungarian Politician
  | publisher =Columbia University Press
  |location= New York
  | year = 2006
  | isbn=978-0-88033-595-9}}</ref>{{rp|131}}  [[Air Scouts]] were introduced in Hungary and a National Scout Brass Band was founded.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|248}} The first [[Woodbadge]] Course in Hungary was held in 1924. In 1926 a [[Sea Scout]] Training Center on the [[Danube]] and the Scout Training Center [[Hárshegy]] for Woodbadge trainings were opened.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|248}}


[[Image:--Hungary1933WorldJamboreecover.jpg|thumb|book cover from the fourth World Jamboree in 1933]]
In 1919 the first Girl Guide troop was founded within Magyar Cserkészszövetség and in 1926 [[Magyar Cserkészlány Szövetség]] was founded as a separate organization but there was still good cooperation between Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|244–247}}
Hungary hosted the [[4th World Scout Jamboree|fourth World Jamboree]] in [[1933]] at the royal forest of [[Gödöllő]], outside Budapest, in which 26,000 Scouts from 54 nations camped together. The camp chief was [[Pál Teleki|Teleki Pál]], the member of the International Committee who later became Prime Minister of Hungary. This was the first time there was a Jamboree subcamp for Scouts taking part in aviation. To celebrate the 60th anniversary of the fourth World Jamboree, the Hungarian Scout Association hosted a fourth World Jamboree Memorial Camp at Bélapátfalva, Hungary in [[1993]].  


After World War II, the Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség started operating in the displaced persons camps in Germany and Austria in [[1948]] as the Teleki Pál Scout Association, renamed in 1948 as the Hungarian Scout Association.
Hungarian Scouts continued their involvement internationally. When the World Scout Bureau was formed in 1922, Hungary was among its founders.<ref name="Holzmann"/> Hungary not only helped found the [[World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts]] (WAGGGS) in 1928,<ref name="Holzmann"/> but also served as its original base, in [[Parád]].<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|250–251}} Hungarian Scouts were active at the 1924 [[World Scout Jamboree]]. Hungarian Scouts placed third in the national competition, behind the Scouts of [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[United States|America]].<ref name="wilson"/>{{rp|31}}<ref name="kmc">[http://www.kmcssz.org/contents/visitors/aboutus.html About Hungarian Scouts in Exile] kmcssz.org. Retrieved 2008-09-25.</ref>


== Rebirth of Scouting in Hungary ==
===Fourth World Jamboree===
Scouting was well organized and popular in Hungary until it was banned in 1948. Scouting was officially abolished by the Communist regime in 1948, but remained nascent underground in a situation similar to that of neighboring Czechoslovakia. Even in those decades when Scouting was banned, former Scouts kept the spirit of Scouting and ran children's programs in a more or less Scout way, often risking imprisonment. Meanwhile, émigré Hungarians in the west were able to keep the organization going. For them, Scouting gave an excellent opportunity to teach their children about their homeland.
{{main article|4th World Scout Jamboree}}


In [[1989]], as civic organizations could be organized or reorganized, Scouting was again legalized, and that same day Scouting groups appeared as though spontaneously, surprising many by the energy of this quick resurgence. Later in 1989, the Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség returned the Association's original seal to Hungary and gave it to the new reorganized Hungarian Scout Association. In [[1990]], Hungary was the first of the Eastern European nations to return to membership in the World Organization of Scout Movement, reorganized and registered with 20,000 members and recognized as a full member.
Hungary held its first National Jamboree in 1926 in [[Káposztásmegyer]]<ref name="50 Jahre"/> with 10.000 participants.<ref name="Holzmann"/> The camp took place from July 9 to 23, 1926, and it was the only one between the two wars.<ref name="teleki"/>{{rp|134}} In 1928 [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Baden-Powell]] visited Hungary.<ref name="teleki"/>{{rp|134–135}}  A few years later, Boy Scouts from all over the world gathered at the [[4th World Scout Jamboree|Fourth World Jamboree]], held at [[Gödöllő]], Hungary from August 2–13, 1933. Forty-six nations and territories were represented by 25,792 [[Boy Scout|Scouts]]. They encamped around the Royal Palace in the Royal Forest of Gödöllő, about 11 miles from the capital of [[Budapest]].


A new feature of Magyar Cserkészszövetség is that it is not town-oriented, as it was before World War II. Scout troops are organized in more and more villages, where Scouting gives almost the only opportunity for many children to be part of a youth program. In the original Magyar Cserkészszövetség, groups belonged mainly to schools, now they more often are attached to church parishes.
The badge of the 4th World Scout Jamboree depicted the [[white stag]] of [[Hungarian mythology]], the national symbol of [[Hungary]] and the official badge of the Jamboree.


Magyar Cserkészszövetség is also no longer single sex, as the educational system is co-educational. It was decided that the units or patrols would be single-sex, but troops would consist of boys' and girls' patrols.
Former Prime Minister [[Pál Teleki|Teleki Pál]] served as camp chief and [[Vitez]] [[Kisbarnaki Ferenc Farkas]], a general staff officer of the Hungarian Royal Army, served as the General Camp Manager.<ref name="wilson"/>{{rp|43}}<ref name="kmc"/><ref>{{cite web | title=Bela's Story: Scouting in Hungary, 1925-1937 |url=http://www.pinetreeweb.com/bhb.htm |author=Lew Orans |date=1996-12-24| accessdate=2008-08-12}}</ref> The 4th World Jamboree was the first time there was a subcamp for Scouts taking part in aviation.<ref name="kmc"/><ref name="wosm">{{cite book
  | author = WOSM  | title = Scouting ´Round the World  | publisher = Public Relations and Communications Department, World Scout Bureau  | year = 1990  | location = Geneva  | isbn= 2-88052-001-0}}</ref>{{rp|142}}


Due to the communist period, Magyar Cserkészszövetség has much less property than it used to, but it already has its own Scout Camp on the outskirts of Budapest. This property was obtained by the Association as a long term lease, because former Scouts lobbied the forestry commission for it saying it would be of better use as a Scout camp than as a golf course. This Scout camp is open to visiting Scouts, who have donated their time, energy and financial means to improve the infrastructure of the park.
Scouting in Hungary included both a youth movement and an organization for young men 19–21 years old.<ref name="50 Jahre"/><ref name="teleki">{{cite book  | author = Balázs Ablonczy  | title = Pál Teleki (1879-1941)-The Life of a Controversial Hungarian Politician  | publisher =Columbia University Press  |location= New York  | year = 2006  | isbn=978-0-88033-595-9}}</ref>{{rp|133–134}}


In [[1991]], 20 Scouts of the Magyar Cserkészszövetség participated in the World Jamboree in Korea; and in [[1995]], 70 Scouts represented Hungarian Scouting in the World Jamboree in the Netherlands. At the end of [[2004]], there were 7,198 registered members in all sections.
===World War II===


[[Image:--HungaryGodollo1933.jpg|thumb|140px|Participant badge of the 1933 World Scout Jamboree]]
During World War II, Hungarian Scouts carried out many important roles, acting as messengers and other essential duties. Pál Teleki was called on once again to lead the nation as Prime Minister and Chief Scout of Hungary. Betrayed in his efforts to keep Hungary out of World War II, he committed suicide on  April 3, 1941. He was succeeded as Chief Scout by General [[Kisbarnaki Ferenc Farkas]], Commander of Royal Ludvokia Akademia. General Farkas remained Chief Scout of the Hungarian Scouts in Exile.


== Program ==
Under political pressure from the extreme right, the Hungarian Scouting movement became more militaristic and nationalistic between 1941 and 1945. Despite the war, the Hungarian national Scout leadership was able until the end of 1943 to maintain contact with the [[World Organization of the Scout Movement|Boy Scouts International Bureau]], the [[Polish Scouting Association|Polish Scout]] Headquarters in exile, and with Prince [[Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten|Gustav Adolf of Sweden]], Chief Scout of Sweden and member of the [[World Organization of the Scout Movement#World Scout Committee|World Scout Committee]].<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|260}} Before the end of World War II, the national Hungarian Scouts were ordered to merge with the extremist right-leaning youth organization Hungarista Örszem, but it was never really executed.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|260–262}}<ref>{{Cite web | first = Hilary St George| last = Saunders | authorlink = Hilary  St George Saunders | title = The Left Handshake, Chapter IV-RESOLUTION-Scouting in Occupied Countries: Part Seven&mdash;Greece, Yugoslavia and Hungary| year = 1948 | url = http://www.pinetreeweb.com/left4-7.htm| accessdate= 2007-10-10}}</ref>


*Cub Scouts-ages 6-11 years
===Post World War II===
*Scouts-ages 11-16 years
*Rovers-ages 16-21 years


The [[Scout Motto]] is ''Légy Résen'', translating as ''Be Prepared'' in Magyar. The [[Girl Guide]] Motto is ''Jó Munkát''. The Magyar noun for a single Scout is ''Cserkész''.
In 1947 the Hungarian Scouts took part in the [[6th World Scout Jamboree]] in [[France]].<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|266}}<ref name="Knobel">{{cite book
  | last = Knobel
  | first = Bruno
  | title = Das große Abenteuer Lord Baden-Powells
  | publisher = Polygraphischer Verlag Zürich
  | year = 1962
  | location = Zürich
  | language = German
  | edition=second}}</ref>{{rp|230}}
In 1945, after [[World War II]], the [[Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség]] (Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris), was first named the Teleki Pál Scout Association. It was soon renamed as the Hungarian Scout Association, and it became active in the [[displaced persons camp]]s in Germany and Austria.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|269–270}}<ref name="kmc"/> [[Béla H. Bánáthy]] was during World War II the voluntary national director for youth leadership development and a member of the National Council of the Hungarian Scout Association. He was instrumental in contacting the World Scouting Movement and organized Scouting in his camp southeast of [[Innsbruck]], Austria, inside the French occupation zone. [[Zoltai Gogins]] organized Hungarian Scouting in the [[Displaced persons camp|Feffernitz displaced persons camps]] near Graz in the British occupation zone.<ref>{{cite web |title=Displaced Persons Camps in Austria, D-G|url=http://dpcamps.org/austriad-g.html|date=2007-06-01|accessdate=2009-09-17}}</ref>
The Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris soon became active around the world.<ref name="50 Jahre"/><ref name="Holzmann"/><ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|269–273}} The Magyar Cserkészszövetség in Exile preserved the traditions of Hungarian Scouting in exile and held contact with other Scout associations.


== Other Hungarian Scout organizations ==
In 1948, Scouting was officially abolished in Hungary by the [[Communist]] regime,<ref name="Holzmann"/><ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|267–269}}  but it remained nascent underground in a situation similar to that in neighboring [[Czechoslovakia]].<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|272}}<ref name="Knobel"/>{{rp|229–231}} Former Scouts worked in secret to keep "the spirit of Scouting" alive during this time even at risk of imprisonment.<ref name="50 Jahre"/><ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|65–66}}<ref name="kmc"/> During the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]] there was a short time were Hungarian Scouts were active in public again.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|272}} After the end of the Hungarian Revolution, Scout groups were founded in refugee camps and Austrian cities.<ref name= "Lehar">{{cite journal|author=Philipp Lehar
[[Image:Magyar Cserkészszövetség national badge.png|thumb|National badge of Magyar Cserkészszövetség]]
| title = Pfadfinderarbeit als Beitrag zur Integration?|language = German | journal = PPÖ-Brief|volume =2/2009 | page= 11| year = 2009|publisher= Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Österreichs}}</ref> In 1957 there were 11 groups with 450 Scouts registered within Pfadfinder Österreichs.<ref name="Lehar"/><ref>{{cite journal | author=RM W.T.
Other Hungarian Scout organizations include
| title = Cserkész |language = German | journal = Jugend am Lagerfeuer (JAL)| volume = 9/1957 | page = 172|date=September 1957|publisher=Pfadfinder Österreichs}}</ref> Hungarian Scouts took part in the [[9th World Scout Jamboree|JIM 1957]] as members of the Austrian contingent<ref name="Lehar"/><ref>{{cite journal |title =Österreichs Beteiligung am JIM| journal = Unser Ziel-Monatsschrift für Führer und Mitarbeiter|publisher= Pfadfinder Österreichs| page =7|language = German |date=September 1957 }}</ref> and in the sub camp of the Council of Scout associations in Exile.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|55–56}}<ref>{{cite journal |author=Roland|title =An einem russischen Lagerfeuer| journal =Jungenland|publisher= Christliche Pfadfinderschaft Deutschland| page =223|language = German |volume =10-11/1957|year = 1957 }}</ref>
*[[Image:--ScoutsChris3.jpg|20px]] the Hungarian Scout Troops Association
*[[Image:UIGSE.svg|20px]] and the Magyarorszagi Europai Cserkészek (MEC), founded in 1990 and belonging to the [[Union Internationale des Guides et Scouts d'Europe]] as a Christian-based Scout alternative with 200 members.


== Hungarian Scouting abroad ==
===Rebirth of Scouting===
A number of associations offers Scouting to people of Hungarian descent living abroad from Hungary. They form two groups:
In 1989, Scouting was again legalized, and during that year Scouting groups appeared as though spontaneously, surprising many by how quickly it returned.<ref name="kmc"/> In January 1989 Magyar Cserkészszövetség was the first official registered and recognized association under the Law on Associations, which became effective on January 24.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|285}} Also in January 1989 a second Scout association Magyar Cserkészcsapatok Svövestege (Hungarian Scout Groups Association) was founded.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|286}} Both formed the Magyar Cserészet Tanácsa (Council of Hungarian Scouting) with 10,300 members in 1990.<ref name="wosm2"/>{{rp|2}} Because of internal problems the Council of Hungarian Scouting disbanded and Magyar Cserkészszövetség was registered as National Scout Organisation of Hungary in 1992 by the World Scout Bureau.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|286–299}} In June 1992 the Hungarian Scout Association had 462 groups with 25.000 members in Hungary.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|298}}
* Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség - Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris ([[Scouts-in-Exile]])
That same year the original seal was restored to the Hungarian Scout Association by the Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|302}}<ref name="kmc"/> In 1990, Hungary<ref name="Holzmann"/> and Czechoslovakia were the first of the Eastern European nations to return to membership in the World Organization of Scout Movement.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|293}}<ref name="wosm2">{{cite book
* local associations in the adjacent countries serving the Hungarian minorities.
  | author = WOSM
The two international recognised Hungarian associations, the Scouts in Exteris and the minority associations are members of the ''International Forum of Hungarian Scouting''.
  | title = UPDATE -August 1990 Scouting ´Round the World
  | publisher = Public Relations and Communications Department, World Scout Bureau
  | year = 1990
  | location = Geneva}}</ref>{{rp|2}}


=== Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség - Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris ===
In 1992, Dr. [[Béla H. Bánáthy]], a long-standing member of the Hungarian Scout Association Abroad ([[Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség]]), traveled from the [[Monterey, California]] in the United States to Hungary following its renewed freedom. Bánáthy had attended the [[4th World Scout Jamboree]] held at [[Gödöllő]] in 1933. He later became personal friends with General [[Kisbarnaki Ferenc Farkas]], Chief Scout of Hungary, and was also Director of Leadership Development at the Royal Ludovika Akademia for the Hungarian Boy Scout Association (Magyar Cserkészszövetség) during World War II. Bánáthy helped restart the Hungarian Scout Association.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whitestag.org/history/history.html|title=White Stag History Since 1933|author1=Joe St. Clair |author2=Alan Miyamoto |author3=Fran Peterson |accessdate=2008-10-22}}</ref>
In addition to Scouting inside Hungary, the Magyar Cserkészszövetség maintains strong ties to Scouting organizations for ethnic Hungarian youth in the [[Vojvodina]] region of Serbia, Slovakia, Ukraine, and Romania, as well as to Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség, the Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris (alternately translated Hungarian Scout Association Abroad), an organization which kept Scouting alive outside Hungary and Eastern Europe through the years of the Cold War.


Hungarian Scouting outside Hungary remains an important element in the lives of several large ethnic Hungarian communities in neighboring countries. The tradition of Hungarian Scouting is accepted by several other National Scouting organizations in their own countries. The Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris is a strong supporter of Scouting in Hungary since its reemergence in 1989.  
In 1993 an international Camp at Gödöllő took place commemorating the 4th World Scout Jamboree. There was a sub camp for members of [[International Scout and Guide Fellowship|International Fellowship of Former Scouts and Guides]]. [[Betty Clay]], Baden-Powell's daughter, took part in this international Camp.<ref name="Kroonenberg"/>{{rp|300}}


Mr. [[Bodnár Gábor]] (b. 1920) led the Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség from 1945 until his death in the early 1990s. As a young Scoutmaster he started organizing troops in Germany with several Scout friends (referred to collectively as the ''Hontalan Sasok'' or "Homeless Eagles").
===Commemorative statue replaced===


In the early 1950s, the Displaced Persons (DPs), refugees from World War II and the new Communist regimes in Eastern Europe started emigrating to various overseas countries. The first overseas troop was founded in 1950 in Rio De Janeiro (the troop has since disbanded). Two troops in Caracas, Venezuela are still active. After Brazil and Venezuela, troops were founded in the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries. The organization grew from about 1000 members in the early 1950s to over 6000 members in the late 1970s.  
[[File:Boy scout godollo sculptor Lorinc Siklody.jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of '''The Boy Scout''' erected in Gödöllő, Hungary to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the [[4th World Scout Jamboree|1933 World Jamboree]].]]
In 1994, after democracy and Scouting was reestablished in Hungary, the community around [[Gödöllő]] moved to locate and re-erect a statue by Lőrinc Siklódi commemorating the [[4th World Scout Jamboree|1933 World Jamboree]]. In 1943, on the tenth anniversary of the Jamboree, a statue of a Boy Scout was erected across from the Guard Barracks in [[Gödöllő|Royal Forest of Gödöllő]], Hungary. When Communist forces liberated the country from [[Nazi]] [[Germany]], the original statue by sculptor Lőrinc Siklódi was removed as the government moved to suppress Scouting.


Today, the Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség is 4500 strong and has 70 troops in five active districts worldwide, the largest district being District III.  
After a long search, the original statue could not be found, and a committee was established with the purpose of erecting a new statue. They decided to enlarge [[Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl]]'s {{convert|50|in|cm}} statuette entitled '''The Boy Scout'''. A student of Kisfaludi Strobl, István Pál, was chosen to complete the work. The new statue of a Boy Scout standing on the original pedestal is unveiled on April 23, 1994, commemorating yet again the 1933 World Jamboree.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitestag.org/history/history.html |title=History Since 1933 |accessdate=2008-08-17 |last=Phelps |first=Brian |author2=Alan Miyamoto |author3=Fran Peterson  |year=1998 }}</ref>


*I) Europe (Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Great Britain)
==Modern program==
*II) South America (Brazil and Argentina)
*III) (the United States and Venezuela)
*IV) Australia
*V) Canada


Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség maintains four councils in District III:
In 1991, 20 Scouts of the Magyar Cserkészszövetség participated in the World Jamboree in Korea; and in 1995, 70 Scouts represented Hungarian Scouting in the World Jamboree in the Netherlands. 90 Scouts  represented Hungarian Scouting in the [[19th World Jamboree]]<ref>{{cite journal
*New York (with troops in New York City (2), Passaic, New Jersey (2), New Brunswick, New Jersey (2), Philadelphia (2), and Washington, D.C. (1)).
| title =Participants of the 19th World Scout Jamboree (Scouts, Adult leaders, International Service Staff)|journal =El Tali-Diario de Vida del Jamboree 1999|volume =8| pages =7| date = 5 January 1999
*The Cleveland council has troops in Cleveland (4), Chicago, Buffalo, and Pittsburgh.  
|publisher=19th World Scout Jamboree}}</ref> and 565 Scouts, including 50 Hungarian Scouts from [[Transylvania]], [[Slovakia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Serbia]], Canada and the United States of America, represented Hungarian Scouting in the [[21st World Scout Jamboree]] in England.<ref name="magyar"/>{{rp|7}} At the end of 2004, there were 7,198 registered members in all sections. At the end of 2008, there were 6,758 registered members in all sections.<ref name= "Report 2008">{{cite web |title=Éves beszámoló 2008 |url=http://www.mcssz.hu/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/eves_beszamolo_2008_medium.pdf |publisher=Magyar Cserkészszövetség |accessdate=2009}}</ref>
*The California council has troops in San Francisco (2) and Los Angeles (4).  
*The Venezuelan council has two troops in Caracas.


Typically, there is a Boy Scout and Girl Guide troop in most cities that have substantial Hungarian populations, either closely affiliated with or actually operating most Hungarian weekend schools around the world.  
With the growth of Scouting in Hungary, changes to the organization include girl membership, who have their own patrols, and the expansion from towns into villages, allowing otherwise isolated children to participate.<ref name="kmc"/> Prior to World War II, Magyar Cserkészszövetség groups were primarily hosted by schools, and today are more likely to be connected to a church parish.<ref name="kmc"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cserkesz.hu/okb/interfrm.php?page=/okb/pages/index.php?id=45&L=en|title=About Hungarian Scouting|accessdate=2008-09-25|author= International Committee of the Hungarian Scout Association}}</ref> During the [[Goulash Communism|Communist]] period, Magyar Cserkészszövetség lost considerable property, but today owns two campsites near Budapest.<ref name="magyar">{{cite book
  | author  = Magyar Cserkészszövetség
  | title = Hungarian Scouting-WSJ 2007
  | location = Budapest
  | year = 2007  }}</ref>{{rp|4}} These are the Sztrilich Pál Cserkészpark<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cserkesz.hu/cserkeszpark/|title=Accommodation near Budapest 45 min. far from the center of the city|accessdate=2008-09-25}}</ref> and the Csobánkai Közép-európai Cserkészpark.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csobanka.cserkeszpark.hu/ |title=Rólunk |accessdate=2008-09-25}}</ref>


In 1998 Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség held 50th anniversary celebrations and held Jamborees in Fillmore, New York, Germany, and near Melbourne, Australia. The South American troops held their Jamboree late in 1996.  Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség bases their work on carrying out obligations at four levels - God, their adopted countries, their fellow man and the Hungarian nation.
The program is currently organized into three age groups:
*Cub Scouts-ages 6–11 years
*Scouts-ages 11–16 years
*Rovers-ages 16–21 years


Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség is tied closely with the Hungarian Scouts Association in Hungary, and with the independent Hungarian Scout Associations organized in the Hungarian minority areas in neighboring Slovakia, Subcarpathian Ukraine, Romania, and Serbia-Montenegro. Each of these countries has significant Hungarian minorities, and Scouting makes it possible for them to learn more about their own heritage, language and culture. Since the advent of democracy, Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség has trained almost 500 Scoutmasters and assistant Scoutmasters for these brother associations. The World Organization of the Scout Movement maintains ties and provides support to the reemerging Scouting movements in the countries of their birth.
The [[Scout Motto]] is ''Légy Résen'', translating as ''Be Prepared'' in Hungarian. The noun for a single Scout in Hungarian is ''Cserkész''. The membership badge of Magyar Cserkészszövetség features the [[Crown of St. Stephen|Crown of Saint Stephen]]. There is also a Sea Scout programme.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vizicserkeszhu.blogspot.com/|title=vizicserkesz.hu  |accessdate=2008-09-25}} (Hungarian)</ref>


=== Associations for Hungarian minorities abroad ===
The Hungarian Scout Association is among other organizations member of the Ecumenical Council of Churches in Hungary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/europe/hungary/ecch.html |title=Ecumenical Council of Churches in Hungary|accessdate=2010-01-07|publisher=World Council of Churches}}</ref> 
All of the following associations have strong ties to Magyar Cserkészszövetség. Some of them are direct members of the Hungarian association.
The Catholic Committee of the Hungarian Scout Association is a full member of the [[International Catholic Conference of Scouting]] (ICCS).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iccs-em.org/en/member-organisations/catholic-committee-hungarian-scout-association|title=CATHOLIC COMMITTEE OF THE HUNGARIAN SCOUT ASSOCIATION|accessdate=2010-01-07|publisher=International Conference of Catholic -European-Mediterranean Region}}</ref>
* Croatia: ''Horvátországi Magyar Cserkészszövetség'' (HZMCSSZ)
* Romania: ''Romániai Magyar Cserkészszövetség'' (RMCSSZ)
* Serbia/[[Vojvodina]]: ''Vajdasági Magyar Cserkészszövetség'' (VMCSSZ)
* Slovakia: ''Szlovákiai Magyar Cserkészszövetség'' (SZMCS)
* Ukraine: ''Kárpátaljai Magyar Cserkészszövetség'' (KáMCSSZ)


== Notable Scouts ==
==Hungarian Scouting abroad==
*László Almásy pilot, researcher of the Sahara Desert, title character of The English Patient
A number of associations offers Scouting to people of Hungarian descent living outside of Hungary. They form two groups:
*Ferenc Csík swimmer, gold medal winner of 1936 Summer Olympics
* For Hungarian Scouts internationally, the [[Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség]], or Hungarian Scout Association ''[[Scouts-in-Exile|in Exteris]]'' serves them.
*Ferenc Mádl President of Hungary ([[2000]]-[[2005]])
* For Hungarian Scouts in neighboring countries, these local associations serve the Hungarian minority Scouts:
*Pál Maléter military leader of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
** [[Croatia]]: ''Horvátországi Magyarok Zrínyi Miklós Cserkészcsapata'' (HoMZMCSCS), affiliated with [[Savez izviđača Hrvatske]]
* Ernő Rubik flight engineer, father of [[Ernő Rubik|Ernő Rubik jr.]], inventor of the Rubik's Cube
** [[Romania]]: [[Hungarian Scout Association in Romania|''Romániai Magyar Cserkészszövetség'']] (RMCSSZ)
*[[Pál Teleki]] scientist, prime minister of Hungary ([[1920]]-[[1921]]) and ([[1939]]-[[1941]])
** [[Serbia]]/[[Vojvodina]]: ''Vajdasági Magyar Cserkészszövetség'' (VMCSSZ)
** [[Slovakia]]: [[Hungarian Scout Association in Slovakia|''Szlovákiai Magyar Cserkészszövetség'']] (SZMCS)
** [[Ukraine]]: ''Kárpátaljai Magyar Cserkészszövetség'' (KáMCSSZ)


== International Scouting units in Hungary ==
The two internationally recognised Hungarian associations, the Scouts in Exteris and the minority associations are members of the [[Scouting in Hungary#International Forum of Hungarian Scouting|International Forum of Hungarian Scouting]].
In addition, there are USA Girl Scouts Overseas in Budapest, serviced by way of USAGSO headquarters in New York; as well as Cub Scouts and Boy Scouts linked to the Horizon District of the [[Transatlantic Council]] of the [[Boy Scouts of America]], which supports units in west-and-central Europe, the Near East and North Africa.


== See also ==
==Notable Scouts==
* [[László Almásy]] pilot, researcher of the [[Sahara Desert]], title character of [[The English Patient]]
* [[Béla H. Bánáthy]] founder of the [[White Stag Leadership Development Program|White Stag]] youth leadership development program, an influential professor of systems theory, and an author
* [[Ferenc Csik]] swimmer, gold medal winner of [[1936 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Ferenc Mádl]] [[President]] of [[Hungary]] (2000–2005)
* [[Pál Maléter]] military leader of the [[1956 Hungarian Revolution]]
* Ernő Rubik flight engineer, father of [[Ernő Rubik|Ernő Rubik jr.]], inventor of the [[Rubik's Cube]]
* [[Pál Teleki]] scientist, prime minister of [[Hungary]] (1920–1921) and (1939–1941)


*Béla H. Bánáthy
==See also==
*[[László Nagy (Scouting)|László Nagy]]
* [[Magyar Cserkészlány Szövetség]]
*[[White Stag (program)]] - Junior Leader Training (JLT)
* [[Central European Jamboree]]
* [[László Nagy (Scouting)|László Nagy]]
* [[White Stag Leadership Development Program]]


== References ==
==References==
*[http://www.cserkesz.hu/ Magyar Cserkészszövetség webpage]
{{reflist|2}}


== External links ==
==External links==
*[http://home.iae.nl/users/nickl/forum.html International Forum of Hungarian Scouting]
* [http://www.cserkesz.hu/ Magyar Cserkészszövetség]
*[http://www.kmcssz.org/indexe.html Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség - Hungarian Scouts in Exile]
* [http://www.pinetreeweb.com/left4-7.htm Scouting in Occupied Countries: Part Seven&mdash;Greece, Yugoslavia and Hungary]
*[http://www.szmcs.sk/ Szlovákiai Magyar Cserkészszövetség (Slovakia)]
{{Clear}}
*[http://www.rmcssz.ro/ Romániai Magyar Cserkészszövetség (Romania)]
{{WOSM|european}}
*[http://www.vmcssz.org.yu/ Vajdasági Magyar Cserkészszövetség (Vojvodina)]


This information was distilled from an article written by Imre Lendvai-Lintner, Executive Director of the Hungarian Scouts in Exile; WOSM newsletters; and New York Hungarian Scouts.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Magyar Cserkeszszovetseg}}
 
[[Category:World Organization of the Scout Movement member organizations]]
{{EuropeanScout}}
[[Category:Scouting and Guiding in Hungary]]
{{Scouts in Exile}}
[[Category:Youth organizations established in 1912]]
[[hu:Magyar Cserkészszövetség]]
[[Category:1912 establishments in Austria-Hungary]]
 
[[Category:Scouting and Guiding in Hungary|Magyar Cserkeszszövetseg]]
[[Category:WOSM member organizations|Magyar Cserkeszszövetseg]]
 
[[fr:Magyar Cserkészszövetség]]

Revision as of 15:52, 26 September 2016

Magyar Cserkészszövetség
Magyar Cserkészszövetség
Hungarian Scout Association
Location Budapest
Country Hungary
Founded 1912
Founders Alajos Izsóf[1]
Béla Megyercsy[1]
Gyula Papp[1]
Sándor Sík[1]
Membership 10,500 (2014)
Országos Elnök (Nationwide President) Barnabás Buday[2]
Országos Ügyvezető Elnök (Nationwide Managing President) Péter Henn[2]
Országos Vezetőtiszt Balázs Solymosi[2]
Affiliation World Organization of the Scout Movement
Website
www.cserkesz.hu

Scouting portal

Magyar Cserkészszövetség (Hungarian Scout Association), the primary national Scouting organization of Hungary, was founded in 1912, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922 and again after the rebirth of Scouting in the country in 1990. The coeducational Magyar Cserkészszövetség had 8,145 members in 2011.[3]

History

The first Scouting activity in Hungary was the raft trip on the river Vág in 1908.[4][5]:17 In 1909 Hungarian newspapers reported about Scouting in England, and some chapters of Scouting for Boys were published as well. István Kanitz bought Baden-Powell's book Scouting for Boys and started the first unofficial Scout troop with friends. The first official troops were founded in 1910[6] in schools and Christian youth associations. The first Scout troops in the dual monarchy, the troops at the Piarist High School, Calvinist Youth Club and Regnum Marianum, were founded in Budapest in 1910.[4][7]:10 In 1912 the Hungarian Scout Association (Magyar Cserkész Örszem Szöveség) was founded.[5]:18[6][7]:9–10

Important Scouting pioneers in Hungary were Sándor Sík,[8]:23 László Králik,[8]:21 Fritz de Molnar and Aladar de Szillassy.[8]:22 Fritz de Molnar brought a copy of Scouting for Boys from Sweden to Hungary and started Scouting in the Piarist College.[9]:80 Fritz de Molnar later became the Hungarian International Commissioner[9]:43 and Deputy Camp Chief.[9]:81[10][11] He was the man who won the heart of Count Pál Teleki for Scouting.[9]:81–82 Aladar de Szillassy, a teacher and member of the YMCA in Budapest, started a translation of Scouting for Boys[7]:9 and with the support of the National Secretary of the Hungarian YMCA, he started Scouting as part of the YMCA in Budapest.[9]:80–81 The Piarist Priest Sík Sándor finished the translation of Scouting for Boys.[8]:23

Another influence supporting the beginning of Scouting in Hungary was the youth magazine Zaszlónk ("Our Flag").[4] Hungarian Scouts worked closely with Austrian Scouts. In 1917 a Scout exhibition in Vienna was organized by the Hungarian and Austrian Scouts.[7]:27 The Hungarian Scout Association was the Scout association for the Kingdom of Hungary (Transleithania), while the Österreichischer Pfadfinderbund was the association for Cisleithania.

Growth during early 20th century

During World War I Hungarian Scouts cared for the wounded.[7]:21 After World War I Scout groups were founded in many schools and the first student Scouting groups appeared.[4] Troops were also founded in factories.[4] In 1920, the first Hungarian Scouting magazine Cserkész ("Hungarian Scout") was published. In 1922 Teleki Pál, a prominent man was elected as Chief Scout and later served as Honorary Chief Scout.[12]:248[13]:131 Air Scouts were introduced in Hungary and a National Scout Brass Band was founded.[12]:248 The first Woodbadge Course in Hungary was held in 1924. In 1926 a Sea Scout Training Center on the Danube and the Scout Training Center Hárshegy for Woodbadge trainings were opened.[12]:248

In 1919 the first Girl Guide troop was founded within Magyar Cserkészszövetség and in 1926 Magyar Cserkészlány Szövetség was founded as a separate organization but there was still good cooperation between Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.[12]:244–247

Hungarian Scouts continued their involvement internationally. When the World Scout Bureau was formed in 1922, Hungary was among its founders.[6] Hungary not only helped found the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) in 1928,[6] but also served as its original base, in Parád.[12]:250–251 Hungarian Scouts were active at the 1924 World Scout Jamboree. Hungarian Scouts placed third in the national competition, behind the Scouts of Britain and America.[9]:31[14]

Fourth World Jamboree

Template:Main article

Hungary held its first National Jamboree in 1926 in Káposztásmegyer[4] with 10.000 participants.[6] The camp took place from July 9 to 23, 1926, and it was the only one between the two wars.[13]:134 In 1928 Baden-Powell visited Hungary.[13]:134–135 A few years later, Boy Scouts from all over the world gathered at the Fourth World Jamboree, held at Gödöllő, Hungary from August 2–13, 1933. Forty-six nations and territories were represented by 25,792 Scouts. They encamped around the Royal Palace in the Royal Forest of Gödöllő, about 11 miles from the capital of Budapest.

The badge of the 4th World Scout Jamboree depicted the white stag of Hungarian mythology, the national symbol of Hungary and the official badge of the Jamboree.

Former Prime Minister Teleki Pál served as camp chief and Vitez Kisbarnaki Ferenc Farkas, a general staff officer of the Hungarian Royal Army, served as the General Camp Manager.[9]:43[14][15] The 4th World Jamboree was the first time there was a subcamp for Scouts taking part in aviation.[14][16]:142

Scouting in Hungary included both a youth movement and an organization for young men 19–21 years old.[4][13]:133–134

World War II

During World War II, Hungarian Scouts carried out many important roles, acting as messengers and other essential duties. Pál Teleki was called on once again to lead the nation as Prime Minister and Chief Scout of Hungary. Betrayed in his efforts to keep Hungary out of World War II, he committed suicide on April 3, 1941. He was succeeded as Chief Scout by General Kisbarnaki Ferenc Farkas, Commander of Royal Ludvokia Akademia. General Farkas remained Chief Scout of the Hungarian Scouts in Exile.

Under political pressure from the extreme right, the Hungarian Scouting movement became more militaristic and nationalistic between 1941 and 1945. Despite the war, the Hungarian national Scout leadership was able until the end of 1943 to maintain contact with the Boy Scouts International Bureau, the Polish Scout Headquarters in exile, and with Prince Gustav Adolf of Sweden, Chief Scout of Sweden and member of the World Scout Committee.[12]:260 Before the end of World War II, the national Hungarian Scouts were ordered to merge with the extremist right-leaning youth organization Hungarista Örszem, but it was never really executed.[12]:260–262[17]

Post World War II

In 1947 the Hungarian Scouts took part in the 6th World Scout Jamboree in France.[12]:266[18]:230 In 1945, after World War II, the Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség (Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris), was first named the Teleki Pál Scout Association. It was soon renamed as the Hungarian Scout Association, and it became active in the displaced persons camps in Germany and Austria.[12]:269–270[14] Béla H. Bánáthy was during World War II the voluntary national director for youth leadership development and a member of the National Council of the Hungarian Scout Association. He was instrumental in contacting the World Scouting Movement and organized Scouting in his camp southeast of Innsbruck, Austria, inside the French occupation zone. Zoltai Gogins organized Hungarian Scouting in the Feffernitz displaced persons camps near Graz in the British occupation zone.[19] The Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris soon became active around the world.[4][6][12]:269–273 The Magyar Cserkészszövetség in Exile preserved the traditions of Hungarian Scouting in exile and held contact with other Scout associations.

In 1948, Scouting was officially abolished in Hungary by the Communist regime,[6][12]:267–269 but it remained nascent underground in a situation similar to that in neighboring Czechoslovakia.[12]:272[18]:229–231 Former Scouts worked in secret to keep "the spirit of Scouting" alive during this time even at risk of imprisonment.[4][12]:65–66[14] During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 there was a short time were Hungarian Scouts were active in public again.[12]:272 After the end of the Hungarian Revolution, Scout groups were founded in refugee camps and Austrian cities.[20] In 1957 there were 11 groups with 450 Scouts registered within Pfadfinder Österreichs.[20][21] Hungarian Scouts took part in the JIM 1957 as members of the Austrian contingent[20][22] and in the sub camp of the Council of Scout associations in Exile.[12]:55–56[23]

Rebirth of Scouting

In 1989, Scouting was again legalized, and during that year Scouting groups appeared as though spontaneously, surprising many by how quickly it returned.[14] In January 1989 Magyar Cserkészszövetség was the first official registered and recognized association under the Law on Associations, which became effective on January 24.[12]:285 Also in January 1989 a second Scout association Magyar Cserkészcsapatok Svövestege (Hungarian Scout Groups Association) was founded.[12]:286 Both formed the Magyar Cserészet Tanácsa (Council of Hungarian Scouting) with 10,300 members in 1990.[24]:2 Because of internal problems the Council of Hungarian Scouting disbanded and Magyar Cserkészszövetség was registered as National Scout Organisation of Hungary in 1992 by the World Scout Bureau.[12]:286–299 In June 1992 the Hungarian Scout Association had 462 groups with 25.000 members in Hungary.[12]:298 That same year the original seal was restored to the Hungarian Scout Association by the Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség.[12]:302[14] In 1990, Hungary[6] and Czechoslovakia were the first of the Eastern European nations to return to membership in the World Organization of Scout Movement.[12]:293[24]:2

In 1992, Dr. Béla H. Bánáthy, a long-standing member of the Hungarian Scout Association Abroad (Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség), traveled from the Monterey, California in the United States to Hungary following its renewed freedom. Bánáthy had attended the 4th World Scout Jamboree held at Gödöllő in 1933. He later became personal friends with General Kisbarnaki Ferenc Farkas, Chief Scout of Hungary, and was also Director of Leadership Development at the Royal Ludovika Akademia for the Hungarian Boy Scout Association (Magyar Cserkészszövetség) during World War II. Bánáthy helped restart the Hungarian Scout Association.[25]

In 1993 an international Camp at Gödöllő took place commemorating the 4th World Scout Jamboree. There was a sub camp for members of International Fellowship of Former Scouts and Guides. Betty Clay, Baden-Powell's daughter, took part in this international Camp.[12]:300

Commemorative statue replaced

Statue of The Boy Scout erected in Gödöllő, Hungary to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the 1933 World Jamboree.

In 1994, after democracy and Scouting was reestablished in Hungary, the community around Gödöllő moved to locate and re-erect a statue by Lőrinc Siklódi commemorating the 1933 World Jamboree. In 1943, on the tenth anniversary of the Jamboree, a statue of a Boy Scout was erected across from the Guard Barracks in Royal Forest of Gödöllő, Hungary. When Communist forces liberated the country from Nazi Germany, the original statue by sculptor Lőrinc Siklódi was removed as the government moved to suppress Scouting.

After a long search, the original statue could not be found, and a committee was established with the purpose of erecting a new statue. They decided to enlarge Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl's 50 inches (130 cm) statuette entitled The Boy Scout. A student of Kisfaludi Strobl, István Pál, was chosen to complete the work. The new statue of a Boy Scout standing on the original pedestal is unveiled on April 23, 1994, commemorating yet again the 1933 World Jamboree.[26]

Modern program

In 1991, 20 Scouts of the Magyar Cserkészszövetség participated in the World Jamboree in Korea; and in 1995, 70 Scouts represented Hungarian Scouting in the World Jamboree in the Netherlands. 90 Scouts represented Hungarian Scouting in the 19th World Jamboree[27] and 565 Scouts, including 50 Hungarian Scouts from Transylvania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia, Canada and the United States of America, represented Hungarian Scouting in the 21st World Scout Jamboree in England.[28]:7 At the end of 2004, there were 7,198 registered members in all sections. At the end of 2008, there were 6,758 registered members in all sections.[29]

With the growth of Scouting in Hungary, changes to the organization include girl membership, who have their own patrols, and the expansion from towns into villages, allowing otherwise isolated children to participate.[14] Prior to World War II, Magyar Cserkészszövetség groups were primarily hosted by schools, and today are more likely to be connected to a church parish.[14][30] During the Communist period, Magyar Cserkészszövetség lost considerable property, but today owns two campsites near Budapest.[28]:4 These are the Sztrilich Pál Cserkészpark[31] and the Csobánkai Közép-európai Cserkészpark.[32]

The program is currently organized into three age groups:

  • Cub Scouts-ages 6–11 years
  • Scouts-ages 11–16 years
  • Rovers-ages 16–21 years

The Scout Motto is Légy Résen, translating as Be Prepared in Hungarian. The noun for a single Scout in Hungarian is Cserkész. The membership badge of Magyar Cserkészszövetség features the Crown of Saint Stephen. There is also a Sea Scout programme.[33]

The Hungarian Scout Association is among other organizations member of the Ecumenical Council of Churches in Hungary.[34] The Catholic Committee of the Hungarian Scout Association is a full member of the International Catholic Conference of Scouting (ICCS).[35]

Hungarian Scouting abroad

A number of associations offers Scouting to people of Hungarian descent living outside of Hungary. They form two groups:

The two internationally recognised Hungarian associations, the Scouts in Exteris and the minority associations are members of the International Forum of Hungarian Scouting.

Notable Scouts

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Bakay Kornél(1989): Ragyogj cserkészliliom. p.22. Budapest
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "www.cserkesz.hu". http://www.mcssz.hu/szovetsegunk/orszagos-elnokseg.  (Hungarian)
  3. ↑ "Triennal review: Census as at 1 December 2010". World Organization of the Scout Movement. http://scout.org/en/content/download/22261/199900/file/Census.pdf. Retrieved 2011-01-13. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Franz Harangozó (October 1957). "Aus der Pfadfinderwelt-50 Jahre Pfadfinder in Ungarn" (in German). Unser Ziel-Monatsschrift für Führer und Mitarbeiter (Pfadfinder Österreichs): 30–31. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ziegler, Horst (1999) (in German). Die Geschichte der österreichischen Pfadfinderbewegung aus steirischer Sicht. Fürstenfeld: Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Österreichs-Landesverband Steiermark. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Michael Holzmann (2004). "EU-Erweiterung Die Neuen kommen-Ungarn" (in German). PPÖ-Brief (Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Österreichs) 1/2004: 7–8. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Pribich, Kurt (2004) (in German). Logbuch der Pfadfinderverbände in Österreich. Vienna: Pfadfinder-Gilde-Österreichs. pp. 9–10. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 (in Hungarian) Száz éves a magyar cserkészet...a világot átfogó mozgalom!. Külföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség. 2010. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Wilson, John S. (1959). Scouting Round the World (first ed.). London: Blandford Press. 
  10. ↑ "Gilwell´s Fritz de Molnar Hall-An impressive Opening Ceremony". The Victorian Scout: 11. February 1964. 
  11. ↑ "Aus der Pfadfinderwelt-Fritz von Molnar" (in German). Unser Ziel-Organ für Führer und Mitarbeiter der Pfadfinder Österreichs (Pfadfinder Österreichs): 140. September 1961. 
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 Kroonenberg, Piet J. (1998). The Undaunted- The Survival and Revival of Scouting in Central and Eastern Europe. Geneva: Oriole International Publications. ISBN 2-88052-003-7. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Balázs Ablonczy (2006). Pál Teleki (1879-1941)-The Life of a Controversial Hungarian Politician. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-88033-595-9.  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "teleki" defined multiple times with different content
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 About Hungarian Scouts in Exile kmcssz.org. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
  15. ↑ Lew Orans (1996-12-24). "Bela's Story: Scouting in Hungary, 1925-1937". http://www.pinetreeweb.com/bhb.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-12. 
  16. ↑ WOSM (1990). Scouting ´Round the World. Geneva: Public Relations and Communications Department, World Scout Bureau. ISBN 2-88052-001-0. 
  17. ↑ Saunders, Hilary St George (1948). "The Left Handshake, Chapter IV-RESOLUTION-Scouting in Occupied Countries: Part Seven—Greece, Yugoslavia and Hungary". http://www.pinetreeweb.com/left4-7.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-10. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Knobel, Bruno (1962) (in German). Das große Abenteuer Lord Baden-Powells (second ed.). Zürich: Polygraphischer Verlag Zürich. 
  19. ↑ "Displaced Persons Camps in Austria, D-G". 2007-06-01. http://dpcamps.org/austriad-g.html. Retrieved 2009-09-17. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Philipp Lehar (2009). "Pfadfinderarbeit als Beitrag zur Integration?" (in German). PPÖ-Brief (Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Österreichs) 2/2009: 11. 
  21. ↑ RM W.T. (September 1957). "Cserkész" (in German). Jugend am Lagerfeuer (JAL) (Pfadfinder Österreichs) 9/1957: 172. 
  22. ↑ "Österreichs Beteiligung am JIM" (in German). Unser Ziel-Monatsschrift für Führer und Mitarbeiter (Pfadfinder Österreichs): 7. September 1957. 
  23. ↑ Roland (1957). "An einem russischen Lagerfeuer" (in German). Jungenland (Christliche Pfadfinderschaft Deutschland) 10-11/1957: 223. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 WOSM (1990). UPDATE -August 1990 Scouting ´Round the World. Geneva: Public Relations and Communications Department, World Scout Bureau. 
  25. ↑ Joe St. Clair; Alan Miyamoto; Fran Peterson. "White Stag History Since 1933". http://www.whitestag.org/history/history.html. Retrieved 2008-10-22. 
  26. ↑ Phelps, Brian; Alan Miyamoto; Fran Peterson (1998). "History Since 1933". http://www.whitestag.org/history/history.html. Retrieved 2008-08-17. 
  27. ↑ "Participants of the 19th World Scout Jamboree (Scouts, Adult leaders, International Service Staff)". El Tali-Diario de Vida del Jamboree 1999 (19th World Scout Jamboree) 8: 7. 5 January 1999. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Magyar Cserkészszövetség (2007). Hungarian Scouting-WSJ 2007. Budapest. 
  29. ↑ "Éves beszámoló 2008". Magyar Cserkészszövetség. http://www.mcssz.hu/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/eves_beszamolo_2008_medium.pdf. Retrieved 2009. 
  30. ↑ International Committee of the Hungarian Scout Association. "About Hungarian Scouting". http://www.cserkesz.hu/okb/interfrm.php?page=/okb/pages/index.php?id=45&L=en. Retrieved 2008-09-25. 
  31. ↑ "Accommodation near Budapest 45 min. far from the center of the city". http://www.cserkesz.hu/cserkeszpark/. Retrieved 2008-09-25. 
  32. ↑ "Rólunk". http://csobanka.cserkeszpark.hu/. Retrieved 2008-09-25. 
  33. ↑ "vizicserkesz.hu". http://vizicserkeszhu.blogspot.com/. Retrieved 2008-09-25.  (Hungarian)
  34. ↑ "Ecumenical Council of Churches in Hungary". World Council of Churches. http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/europe/hungary/ecch.html. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 
  35. ↑ "CATHOLIC COMMITTEE OF THE HUNGARIAN SCOUT ASSOCIATION". International Conference of Catholic -European-Mediterranean Region. http://www.iccs-em.org/en/member-organisations/catholic-committee-hungarian-scout-association. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 

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