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[[Image: | [[Image:Plast National Scout Organization.svg|thumb|Membership badge of Plast Ukrainian Scouting]] | ||
The '''Plast National Scout Organization of Ukraine''' ( | The '''Plast National Scout Organization of Ukraine''' (Пласт Національна Скаутська Організація України, ''Plast Natsionalna Skautska Orhanizatsiia Ukrayiny'') commonly called '''Ukrainian Plast''' or simply '''Plast''' is the largest [[Scouting]] organization in Ukraine. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== First Phase: 1911-1920 === | === First Phase: 1911-1920 === | ||
Plast was founded in Ukraine in [[1911]] as the Ukrainian Scout Organization. Ukrainian Scouting has been known since its inception as "Plast". In Ukrainian a ''[[plastun]]'' is an historical name for a Cossack scout and sentry serviceman. The founder of Ukrainian Scouting, Dr. | Plast was founded in Ukraine in [[1911]] as the Ukrainian Scout Organization. Ukrainian Scouting has been known since its inception as "Plast". In Ukrainian a ''[[plastun]]'' is an historical name for a Cossack scout and sentry serviceman. The founder of Ukrainian Scouting, Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky (alternately Oleksandr Tysowskyj), affectionately known as "Drot," adapted the universal Scout principles to the needs and interests of Ukrainian youth. | ||
Born during great social and political upheavals in Europe, Ukrainian Plast came into being to fulfill specific national aims, unlike other Scout organizations. The first Scout troops were formed in L'viv in [[1911]], then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire by [[Petro Franko]] and [[Ivan Chmola]]. The official date of the founding of Plast is generally deemed to be [[April 12]] [[1912]], at the L'viv Academic Gymnasium by Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky. | Born during great social and political upheavals in Europe, Ukrainian Plast came into being to fulfill specific national aims, unlike other Scout organizations. The first Scout troops were formed in L'viv in [[1911]], then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire by [[Petro Franko]] and [[Ivan Chmola]]. The official date of the founding of Plast is generally deemed to be [[April 12]] [[1912]], at the L'viv Academic Gymnasium by Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky. | ||
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In spite of numerous obstacles, Plast developed rapidly in the Polish areas, with high levels of membership among students, farmers and workers. A key sponsor was Metropolitan [[Andriy Sheptytsky]], the Archbishop of the [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]] (1901-1944), who donated a campsite called "Sokil" in the [[Carpathian Mountains]]. A number of publications are introduced, including the official organ ''Molode Zhyttia'' and Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky's seminal handbook, ''Zhyttia v Plasti''. | In spite of numerous obstacles, Plast developed rapidly in the Polish areas, with high levels of membership among students, farmers and workers. A key sponsor was Metropolitan [[Andriy Sheptytsky]], the Archbishop of the [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]] (1901-1944), who donated a campsite called "Sokil" in the [[Carpathian Mountains]]. A number of publications are introduced, including the official organ ''Molode Zhyttia'' and Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky's seminal handbook, ''Zhyttia v Plasti''. | ||
In the late 1920s, external pressure on the part of the Polish authorities seriously impaired further growth of Plast on its territory, and eventually led to an outright abolition of Ukrainian Scouting in [[1928]] in the | In the late 1920s, external pressure on the part of the Polish authorities seriously impaired further growth of Plast on its territory, and eventually led to an outright abolition of Ukrainian Scouting in [[1928]] in the Volyn region, and in [[Halychyna]] in [[1930]]. However, Plast continued to flourish in [[Carpathian Ruthenia]], the ethnic Ukrainian area within Czechoslovakia, and maintained a close liaison with the underground Scout units in parts of central Ukraine under the Soviet Union until World War II. Ukrainian Scouts took part in the World Jamboree at Arrowe Park in [[1929]], and as part of the Czechoslovak contingent in the fourth World Jamboree at [[Gödöllő]] in 1933, attempting to make the World Scouting aware of the suppression of free Scout activities in Ukraine. | ||
=== Third Phase: 1930-1944 === | === Third Phase: 1930-1944 === | ||
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When the Soviet Union began to crumble, Scouting appeared clandestinely. The first Plast camp was organized in the summer of [[1989]] and was raided by the Soviet secret police ([[KGB]]); several Scouts were beaten and arrested. Nevertheless, Scouting and Plast persisted. | When the Soviet Union began to crumble, Scouting appeared clandestinely. The first Plast camp was organized in the summer of [[1989]] and was raided by the Soviet secret police ([[KGB]]); several Scouts were beaten and arrested. Nevertheless, Scouting and Plast persisted. | ||
Since the end of Soviet communism and the birth of an independent Ukraine in [[1991]], Ukrainian Plast Scouting has been growing rapidly in every corner of the country. This included units in | Since the end of Soviet communism and the birth of an independent Ukraine in [[1991]], Ukrainian Plast Scouting has been growing rapidly in every corner of the country. This included units in Kiev, [[Lutsk]] and [[Donetsk]]. The most active region, however, was in Lviv, where on [[22 February]] [[1990]], the town council enacted the ''Statut Plastovoho Tovarystva''. | ||
At the beginning of [[1995]], there were 85 local groups and councils, with over 3,500 Scouts. | At the beginning of [[1995]], there were 85 local groups and councils, with over 3,500 Scouts. | ||
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As of [[2006]], Plast has over 10,000 members in Ukraine, and an additional 3,000 members in other countries. | As of [[2006]], Plast has over 10,000 members in Ukraine, and an additional 3,000 members in other countries. | ||
The 95th anniversary jubilee is planned for 2007, with a ''Zustrich'' at the ''Plastova Sich'' campsite in | The 95th anniversary jubilee is planned for 2007, with a ''Zustrich'' at the ''Plastova Sich'' campsite in Grafton, Ontario, Canada. | ||
== Plast outside of Ukraine == | == Plast outside of Ukraine == | ||
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Thus, Plast has existed as an emigré organization in: | Thus, Plast has existed as an emigré organization in: | ||
* Canada, with major contingents or "stanytsi" in Toronto, [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], Edmonton, | * Canada, with major contingents or "stanytsi" in Toronto, [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], Edmonton, Winnipeg, Calgary, Montreal, Ottawa and elsewhere, and a campsite in Grafton, Ontario, since [[1948]] | ||
* the United States: | * the United States: | ||
**"Stanytsi" (active Plast Scouts) in New York City, Chicago, [[Cleveland]]/[[Parma, Ohio|Parma]], Detroit, Buffalo, [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]], [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], Rochester, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], Baltimore and more recently in Colorado | **"Stanytsi" (active Plast Scouts) in New York City, Chicago, [[Cleveland]]/[[Parma, Ohio|Parma]], Detroit, Buffalo, [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]], [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], Rochester, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], Baltimore and more recently in Colorado | ||
**Defunct, dormant or inactive "stanytsi" in [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]]; Passaic; [[Hempstead, New York|Hempstead]]; [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]; | **Defunct, dormant or inactive "stanytsi" in [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]]; Passaic; [[Hempstead, New York|Hempstead]]; [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]; Utica; [[Albany, New York|Albany]]; Boston; Los Angeles; [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]; [[Lorain, Ohio]]; and [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]] | ||
**Plast Museum in [[Parma, Ohio]] | **Plast Museum in [[Parma, Ohio]] | ||
**Plast Campsites in Buffalo ("Noviy Sokil"), [[East Chatham, New York]] ("Vovcha Tropa"), [[Cleveland]] ("Pysanij Kamin"), and Connecticut ("Bobrivka") | **Plast Campsites in Buffalo ("Noviy Sokil"), [[East Chatham, New York]] ("Vovcha Tropa"), [[Cleveland]] ("Pysanij Kamin"), and Connecticut ("Bobrivka") | ||
**Campsite for camp leaders ("Lisova Shkola") in [[Hunter, New York]] | **Campsite for camp leaders ("Lisova Shkola") in [[Hunter, New York]] | ||
* Australia, with "stanytsi" in | * Australia, with "stanytsi" in Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Melbourne and Sydney | ||
* the United Kingdom (London, Manchester) | * the United Kingdom (London, Manchester) | ||
* Germany (Munich) | * Germany (Munich) | ||
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** A "skob" can also achieve an additional distinction of a "skob aviator" or "maritime skob" with additional nautical or aeronautical training. There have only been a handful of such individuals. | ** A "skob" can also achieve an additional distinction of a "skob aviator" or "maritime skob" with additional nautical or aeronautical training. There have only been a handful of such individuals. | ||
* Older Scouts - aged 18 to 30 or 35 (USP: "starshi plastuny" and "starshi plastunky") | * Older Scouts - aged 18 to 30 or 35 (USP: "starshi plastuny" and "starshi plastunky") | ||
** While older Scouts often belong to regional units ("stanytsi") and are often the counselors to units of "novaky" or "yunaky," they also organize themselves into international "kureni" (sometimes referred to as "fraternities" or "sororities"). These "kureni" are either single-sex or mixed-sex. Prominent male kureni being the | ** While older Scouts often belong to regional units ("stanytsi") and are often the counselors to units of "novaky" or "yunaky," they also organize themselves into international "kureni" (sometimes referred to as "fraternities" or "sororities"). These "kureni" are either single-sex or mixed-sex. Prominent male kureni being the Lisovi Chorty (Forest Devils), the Burlaky, the [[Orden Khrestonostsiv]] (order of the Crusaders), the Chervona Kalyna, the Chornomortsi (Black Sea-ers), Vovkulaky (werewolves), Orlykivtsi (followers of [[Pylyp Orlyk]]), Pobratymy (Brotherhood members), Khmelnitschenky (named after [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]), Plemia Mogikany (Tribe of Mohican) and the Siromantsi (coyotes). Prominent female kureni include the Pershi Stezhi, Chortopolokhy, the Lisovi Mavky (wood nymphs), Chornomorski Khvyli (Black sea waves), Buryverkhy (mountaintop-destroyers), Knyahyni (Princesses), Ti shcho hrebli rvut' (those who tear up dykes), Shostokryli (6-wings), Spartanky, Verkhovynky (mountaintops), and mixed-gender kureni named after Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky (the Baden-Powell of Plast), Voynarovskiy and the "Dubova Kora" (oak bark). Most of these units were founded in Germany in the late 1940s, and many of these now exist in Ukraine as well as throughout the Plast diaspora. A number of new units have been formed in Ukraine in the past 12 years as well. | ||
* Senior Scouts - aged 30 or 35 and up (UPS: "seniory") | * Senior Scouts - aged 30 or 35 and up (UPS: "seniory") | ||
** Senior Scouts belong to the same "kureni" as the "older Scouts." Many units have a particular focus, with the Chervona Kalyna being involved in sports, the Chornomortsi and sister kurin' Chornomorsky Khvyli in maritime Scouting, the Pobratymy in hiking and mountainclimbing, the Siromantsi in publishing, the [[Orden Khrestonostsiv]] and the | ** Senior Scouts belong to the same "kureni" as the "older Scouts." Many units have a particular focus, with the Chervona Kalyna being involved in sports, the Chornomortsi and sister kurin' Chornomorsky Khvyli in maritime Scouting, the Pobratymy in hiking and mountainclimbing, the Siromantsi in publishing, the [[Orden Khrestonostsiv]] and the Lisovi Chorty in basic Scouting and individual leadership. | ||
** A Senior Scout who has not previously been a Scout is called a "Plastun Senior Prykhylnyk." Those who have previously been "older Scouts" enter at the second tier called "Plastun Senior Dovirya," and if they are active can achieve the third tier called "Plastun Senior Pratsi" and a select few leaders achieve the level of "Plastun Senior Kerivnytstva." | ** A Senior Scout who has not previously been a Scout is called a "Plastun Senior Prykhylnyk." Those who have previously been "older Scouts" enter at the second tier called "Plastun Senior Dovirya," and if they are active can achieve the third tier called "Plastun Senior Pratsi" and a select few leaders achieve the level of "Plastun Senior Kerivnytstva." | ||
* Plast Affiliates - Not official members but supporters, similar to a Parent-Teacher-Organization ("Plast-Priyat") | * Plast Affiliates - Not official members but supporters, similar to a Parent-Teacher-Organization ("Plast-Priyat") | ||
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== Notable Plast Members == | == Notable Plast Members == | ||
*[[Petro Franko]] | *[[Petro Franko]] | ||
*Dr. | *Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky | ||
*[[Shukhevych|Roman Shukevych]] | *[[Shukhevych|Roman Shukevych]] | ||
*[[Stepan Bandera]] | *[[Stepan Bandera]] | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
*[http://plast | *[http://plast.org.ua Plast Portal - Official website of Plast - National Scouting Organization of Ukraine, basic information about the organization is available in many languages] | ||
{{EurAsiaScout}} | {{EurAsiaScout}} | ||
{{Scouts in Exile}} | {{Scouts in Exile}} | ||
[[ | [[uk:Пласт]] | ||
[[Category:Non-aligned Scouting organizations]] | [[Category:Non-aligned Scouting organizations]] | ||
[[Category:Scouting and Guiding in Ukraine]] | [[Category:Scouting and Guiding in Ukraine]] | ||
