18,519
edits
Orienteering: Difference between revisions
From ScoutWiki, For Everyone, Everywhere involved with Scouting and Guiding...
m
Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[(Thumb compass)\]\] +\1)
m (Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[(Sport)\]\] +\1)) |
m (Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[(Thumb compass)\]\] +\1)) |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
The first large scale orienteering meet was organized in 1918 by Major Ernst Killander of Stockholm, Sweden. Killander was a [[Scouting|Scout]] leader who turned to the sport as an opportunity to interest youth in athletics. The first large scale event was organized south of Stockholm and was attended by 220 athletes.<ref name="palmer_18"/><ref name="boga_1">Boga, Steven (1997). ''Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2870-6. p. 1.</ref> Killander continued to develop the rules and principles of the sport, and today is widely regarded throughout Scandinavia as the "Father of Orienteering". | The first large scale orienteering meet was organized in 1918 by Major Ernst Killander of Stockholm, Sweden. Killander was a [[Scouting|Scout]] leader who turned to the sport as an opportunity to interest youth in athletics. The first large scale event was organized south of Stockholm and was attended by 220 athletes.<ref name="palmer_18"/><ref name="boga_1">Boga, Steven (1997). ''Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2870-6. p. 1.</ref> Killander continued to develop the rules and principles of the sport, and today is widely regarded throughout Scandinavia as the "Father of Orienteering". | ||
The sport gained popularity with the development of more reliable compasses in the 1930s. The first international competition between orienteers of Sweden and Norway was held outside Oslo, Norway in 1932. In 1933, the Swedish compass manufacturer [[Silva compass|Silva Sweden AB]] introduced a new compass design, the [[protractor compass]]. Until the development of | The sport gained popularity with the development of more reliable compasses in the 1930s. The first international competition between orienteers of Sweden and Norway was held outside Oslo, Norway in 1932. In 1933, the Swedish compass manufacturer [[Silva compass|Silva Sweden AB]] introduced a new compass design, the [[protractor compass]]. Until the development of thumb compasses, the protractor compass would remain the state of the art in the sport. By 1934, over a quarter million Swedes were actively participating in the sport, and orienteering had spread to Finland, Switzerland, the Soviet Union, and Hungary. The nations of Finland, Norway, and Sweden all established national championships.<ref name="palmer_20">Palmer, Peter (1997). ''The Complete Orienteering Manual''. Wiltshire, England: The Crowood Press Ltd., ISBN [[Special:Booksoures/1861260954|1-86126-095-4]], p. 20.</ref> The Swedish national orienteering society, ''Svenska Orienteringförbundet'', the first national orienteering society, was founded in 1936.<ref name="boga_2">Boga, Steven (1997). ''Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2870-6. p. 2.</ref> | ||
=== Post war years === | === Post war years === | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
[[Image:Tajfuto.jpg|thumb|right|250px|An orienteer at a control]] | [[Image:Tajfuto.jpg|thumb|right|250px|An orienteer at a control]] | ||
The basic equipment required for orienteering is usually listed as a [[compass]], appropriate [[wilderness|outdoor]] clothing and, in some countries, [[whistle]]. The whistle is for use in [[call for help|emergency]] situations. Competitive orienteers usually use specialized equipment, such as a " | The basic equipment required for orienteering is usually listed as a [[compass]], appropriate [[wilderness|outdoor]] clothing and, in some countries, [[whistle]]. The whistle is for use in [[call for help|emergency]] situations. Competitive orienteers usually use specialized equipment, such as a "thumb compass". A clear plastic sleeve is worn on the forearm to hold control descriptions. Competitors may also use a "punch-card holder" for hands-free orienteering. A modern variation on the punch card is electronic punching. There are two types of electronic punching. One is a small plastic 'punchcard' (also called a 'dibber'), which straps to a competitor's finger and is inserted into a special, battery-operated station at the control point. The other is a system known as 'Emit' which has more of a brick-like shape but follows the same principle as the 'dibber,' with the added backup of a small card. This card is pierced by a pin in a specific location at each station. With both, the time at which the control was punched is recorded. Some electronic punching systems have stations that beep and/or flash a light to notify that the punch is OK. For important events there should be some kind of independent backup available in case of equipment failure. | ||
Purpose-made lightweight nylon or [[lycra]] suits provide full body cover for racing in areas with [[undergrowth]]. [[Gaiters]] are also often worn. Lightweight studded (and often cleated) orienteering shoes are commonly used. People sometimes wear visors to keep rain, dust and twigs out of their eyes. | Purpose-made lightweight nylon or [[lycra]] suits provide full body cover for racing in areas with [[undergrowth]]. [[Gaiters]] are also often worn. Lightweight studded (and often cleated) orienteering shoes are commonly used. People sometimes wear visors to keep rain, dust and twigs out of their eyes. | ||
