Scouting and Guiding in the United States: Difference between revisions

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The [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive movement]] in the United States was at its height during the early twentieth century. With the migration of families from rural to urban centers, there were concerns among some people that young men were no longer learning patriotism and individualism.  Starting in the 1870s, the [[YMCA]] was an early promoter of [[Social welfare provision|social welfare]] and other reforms involving young men around a program of mental, physical, social and religious development.  Early corn clubs for farm boys began to develop into the [[4-H]] around 1902.<ref name="macleod">{{cite book |author=Macleod, David L. |title=Building Character in the American Boy: The Boy Scouts, YMCA and Their Forerunners, 1870–1920 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |date=1983 |isbn=0-299-09400-6 }}</ref>
The [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive movement]] in the United States was at its height during the early twentieth century. With the migration of families from rural to urban centers, there were concerns among some people that young men were no longer learning patriotism and individualism.  Starting in the 1870s, the [[YMCA]] was an early promoter of [[Social welfare provision|social welfare]] and other reforms involving young men around a program of mental, physical, social and religious development.  Early corn clubs for farm boys began to develop into the [[4-H]] around 1902.<ref name="macleod">{{cite book |author=Macleod, David L. |title=Building Character in the American Boy: The Boy Scouts, YMCA and Their Forerunners, 1870–1920 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |date=1983 |isbn=0-299-09400-6 }}</ref>


[[Ernest Thompson Seton]] started the [[Woodcraft Indians]] in 1902 and published ''The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians'' in 1906.<ref>{{cite book |author=Anderson, H. Allen |title=The Chief: Ernest Thompson Seton and the Changing West |publisher=Texas A&M University Press | date=1986 |isbn=0-89096-239-1 }}</ref>  [[Daniel Carter Beard]] started the [[Sons of Daniel Boone]] in 1905.  When [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Baden-Powell]] created the first Scouting program in 1907, he used elements of Setons' work in his ''Scouting for Boys''.<ref name="NT">{{cite journal|last=Beardsall |first=Jonny |date=2007 |title=Dib, dib, dib... One Hundred Years of Scouts at Brownsea |journal=The National Trust Magazine|publisher=[[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty]] |issue=Spring 2007|pages=525–55}}</ref>  Several small local Scouting programs started in the U.S. soon after, most notably the Boy Scouts of the United States, the National Scouts of America and the Peace Scouts of California— these later merged into the BSA soon after it was formed.<ref name="americanadv">{{cite book |author=Peterson, Robert W. |title=The Boy Scouts: An American Adventure |publisher=American Heritage |date=1984 |isbn=0-8281-1173-1 }}</ref> The YMCA in Michigan was organizing Scout troops based on ''Scouting for Boys'' as early as 1909.<ref>{{cite book |title=James E. West and the History of the Boy Scouts of America |last=Rowan |first=Edward L. |publisher=Las Vegas International Scouting Museum |year=2005 |isbn=0-9746479-1-8}}</ref>
[[Ernest Thompson Seton]] started the [[Woodcraft Indians]] in 1902 and published ''The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians'' in 1906.<ref>{{cite book |author=Anderson, H. Allen |title=The Chief: Ernest Thompson Seton and the Changing West |publisher=Texas A&M University Press | date=1986 |isbn=0-89096-239-1 }}</ref>  [[Daniel Carter Beard]] started the [[Sons of Daniel Boone]] in 1905.  When [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Baden-Powell]] created the first Scouting program in 1907, he used elements of Setons' work in his ''Scouting for Boys''.<ref name="NT">{{cite journal|last=Beardsall |first=Jonny |date=2007 |title=Dib, dib, dib... One Hundred Years of Scouts at Brownsea |journal=The National Trust Magazine|publisher=National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty |issue=Spring 2007|pages=525–55}}</ref>  Several small local Scouting programs started in the U.S. soon after, most notably the Boy Scouts of the United States, the National Scouts of America and the Peace Scouts of California— these later merged into the BSA soon after it was formed.<ref name="americanadv">{{cite book |author=Peterson, Robert W. |title=The Boy Scouts: An American Adventure |publisher=American Heritage |date=1984 |isbn=0-8281-1173-1 }}</ref> The YMCA in Michigan was organizing Scout troops based on ''Scouting for Boys'' as early as 1909.<ref>{{cite book |title=James E. West and the History of the Boy Scouts of America |last=Rowan |first=Edward L. |publisher=Las Vegas International Scouting Museum |year=2005 |isbn=0-9746479-1-8}}</ref>


Chicago publisher [[William D. Boyce|W. D. Boyce]] was visiting London, England in 1909 where he met the [[Unknown Scout]] and learned of the Scouting movement.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Peterson |first=Robert |year=2001 |url=http://www.scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0110/d-wwas.html |title=The Man Who Got Lost in the Fog |journal=[[Scouting (magazine)|Scouting]] |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=2008-06-24}}</ref>  Boyce secured the rights to the Scouting program in the U.S., and soon after his return, Boyce incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rowan |first=Edward L |year=2005 |title=To Do My Best: James E. West and the History of the Boy Scouts of America |publisher=Las Vegas International Scouting Museum |isbn=0-9746479-1-8 }}</ref> [[Edgar M. Robinson]]  and Lee F. Hanmer became interested in the nascent BSA movement and convinced Boyce to turn the program over to the [[YMCA]] for development.  Robinson enlisted Seton, Beard and other prominent leaders in the early youth movements. After initial development, Robinson turned the movement over to [[James E. West (Scouting)|James E. West]] who became the first [[Chief Scout Executive]] and the Scouting movement began to expand in the U.S.<ref name="macleod"/>
Chicago publisher [[William D. Boyce|W. D. Boyce]] was visiting London, England in 1909 where he met the [[Unknown Scout]] and learned of the Scouting movement.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Peterson |first=Robert |year=2001 |url=http://www.scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0110/d-wwas.html |title=The Man Who Got Lost in the Fog |journal=[[Scouting (magazine)|Scouting]] |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=2008-06-24}}</ref>  Boyce secured the rights to the Scouting program in the U.S., and soon after his return, Boyce incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rowan |first=Edward L |year=2005 |title=To Do My Best: James E. West and the History of the Boy Scouts of America |publisher=Las Vegas International Scouting Museum |isbn=0-9746479-1-8 }}</ref> [[Edgar M. Robinson]]  and Lee F. Hanmer became interested in the nascent BSA movement and convinced Boyce to turn the program over to the [[YMCA]] for development.  Robinson enlisted Seton, Beard and other prominent leaders in the early youth movements. After initial development, Robinson turned the movement over to [[James E. West (Scouting)|James E. West]] who became the first [[Chief Scout Executive]] and the Scouting movement began to expand in the U.S.<ref name="macleod"/>
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