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Portable water purification: Difference between revisions
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Large rivers may be polluted with sewage effluent, surface runoff or industrial pollutants from sources far upstream. However even small streams, springs and wells may be contaminated by animal waste and pathogens. The presence of dead animals upstream is not uncommon. | Large rivers may be polluted with sewage effluent, surface runoff or industrial pollutants from sources far upstream. However even small streams, springs and wells may be contaminated by animal waste and pathogens. The presence of dead animals upstream is not uncommon. | ||
In most parts of the world, water may contain bacterial or protist contamination originating from human and animal waste or pathogens which use other organisms as an intermediate host. ''Giardia lamblia'' and ''Cryptosporidium spp.'', both of which cause diarrhea (see giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis) are common pathogens. Less commonly in developed countries are organisms such as ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]'' which causes | In most parts of the world, water may contain bacterial or protist contamination originating from human and animal waste or pathogens which use other organisms as an intermediate host. ''Giardia lamblia'' and ''Cryptosporidium spp.'', both of which cause diarrhea (see giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis) are common pathogens. Less commonly in developed countries are organisms such as ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]'' which causes cholera and various strains of ''[[Salmonella]]'' which cause typhoid and para-typhoid diseases. Pathogenic viruses may also be found in water. The larvae of [[Fasciola hepatica|flukes]] are particularly dangerous in area frequented by [[sheep]], deer or [[cattle]]. If such microscopic larvae are ingested, they can form potentially life threatening [[cyst]]s in the [[brain]] or [[liver]]. This risk extends to plants grown in or near water including the commonly eaten [[watercress]]. | ||
Portable drinking water systems or chemical additives are available for hiking, camping, and travel in remote areas. | Portable drinking water systems or chemical additives are available for hiking, camping, and travel in remote areas. | ||
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[[Pur (company)|Pur]] has developed a grayish powder from a combination of water purification chemicals. This "PUR Purifier of Water" is currently being used to clean drinking water in Kenya. [http://www.csdw.org/index.shtml] It has also been tested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Guatemala, Pakistan, and Liberia. [http://www.physorg.com/news62853860.html] It was also sent to South Asia as part of the recovery from the [[Tsunami#2004 - Indian Ocean tsunami|Indian Ocean tsunami]]. [http://www.iobbnet.org/drupal/node/view/482] | [[Pur (company)|Pur]] has developed a grayish powder from a combination of water purification chemicals. This "PUR Purifier of Water" is currently being used to clean drinking water in Kenya. [http://www.csdw.org/index.shtml] It has also been tested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Guatemala, Pakistan, and Liberia. [http://www.physorg.com/news62853860.html] It was also sent to South Asia as part of the recovery from the [[Tsunami#2004 - Indian Ocean tsunami|Indian Ocean tsunami]]. [http://www.iobbnet.org/drupal/node/view/482] | ||
The PUR Purifier of Water is a compound combining the primary active ingredients of calcium hyperchlorite and ferric sulfate. The first is a bleach that kills many harmful pathogens while the latter removes dirt, impurities, and further removes pathogens. It is known to remove the pathogens | The PUR Purifier of Water is a compound combining the primary active ingredients of calcium hyperchlorite and ferric sulfate. The first is a bleach that kills many harmful pathogens while the latter removes dirt, impurities, and further removes pathogens. It is known to remove the pathogens cholera, typhoid, and dysentery, toxic metals like [[mercury (element)|mercury]], lead, and [[arsenic]], and pesticides such as [[polychlorinated biphenyl]] and [[DDT]]. [http://www.physorg.com/news62853860.html] | ||
== Ultraviolet purification == | == Ultraviolet purification == | ||