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Scouting: Difference between revisions
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In [[South African Republic|South Africa]] in the Second Boer War, Baden-Powell got besieged in the small town Mafeking against a much larger Boer army (the [[Siege of Mafeking]]).<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.britishbattles.com/great-boer-war/mafeking.htm | title = The Siege of Mafeking | publisher = British Battles.com | accessdate = 2006-07-11}}</ref> The [[Mafeking Cadet Corps]] was a group of youths that supported the troops by carrying messages, which freed the men for military duties and kept the boys occupied during the long siege. The Cadet Corps performed well, helping in the defense of the town (1899–1900), and were one of the many factors that inspired Baden-Powell to form the Scouting movement.<ref name="cadet1">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/cadets.htm | title = The Mafeking Cadets | format = | work = Scouting Milestones | publisher = btinternet.co.uk | accessdate = 2007-02-04}}</ref><ref name="cadet2">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.scouting.org.za/seeds/cadets.html | title =The Mafeking Cadets | format = | work =The African Seeds of Scouting | publisher = Scout Web South Africa | accessdate = 2007-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Webster| first=Linden Bradfield| year=| title= Linden Bradfield Webster's Reminiscences of the Siege of Mafeking| journal=. The South African Military Society (Military History Journal) | volume=1| issue=7| pages=}}</ref> Each member received a badge that illustrated a combined [[compass]] point and [[spearhead]]. The badge's logo was similar to the [[fleur-de-lis]] that Scouting later adopted as its international symbol. In the United Kingdom the public followed his struggle to hold Mafeking through newspapers, and when the siege was broken Baden-Powell had become a [[national hero]]. This pushed the sales of a small instruction book he had written about military scouting, ''Aids to Scouting''. On his return to England he noticed the large interest of boys in this book, which was also used by teachers and youth organizations.<ref name="NPG">{{cite web |url=http://www.npg.org.uk/live/wobaden.asp |title=Robert Baden-Powell: Defender of Mafeking and Founder of the Boy Scouts and the Girl Guides | work = Past Exhibition Archive | publisher = [[National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom)|National Portrait Gallery]] | accessdate= 2006-12-03}}</ref> He was suggested by several to rewrite this book for boys, especially during an inspection of the [[Boys' Brigade]]. This brigade was a large youth movement, drilled with military precision. Baden-Powell thought this would not be attractive and suggested that it could grow much larger when scouting would be used.<ref name="BPJeal">{{cite book | last = Jeal | first = Tim | authorlink = Tim Jeal |publisher=Yale University Press| coauthors = | year = 1989 | url = | title = Baden-Powell | pages = 360-362, 371 | accessdate =2007-02-04}}</ref> He studied other schemes, parts of which he used for Scouting. | In [[South African Republic|South Africa]] in the Second Boer War, Baden-Powell got besieged in the small town Mafeking against a much larger Boer army (the [[Siege of Mafeking]]).<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.britishbattles.com/great-boer-war/mafeking.htm | title = The Siege of Mafeking | publisher = British Battles.com | accessdate = 2006-07-11}}</ref> The [[Mafeking Cadet Corps]] was a group of youths that supported the troops by carrying messages, which freed the men for military duties and kept the boys occupied during the long siege. The Cadet Corps performed well, helping in the defense of the town (1899–1900), and were one of the many factors that inspired Baden-Powell to form the Scouting movement.<ref name="cadet1">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/cadets.htm | title = The Mafeking Cadets | format = | work = Scouting Milestones | publisher = btinternet.co.uk | accessdate = 2007-02-04}}</ref><ref name="cadet2">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.scouting.org.za/seeds/cadets.html | title =The Mafeking Cadets | format = | work =The African Seeds of Scouting | publisher = Scout Web South Africa | accessdate = 2007-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Webster| first=Linden Bradfield| year=| title= Linden Bradfield Webster's Reminiscences of the Siege of Mafeking| journal=. The South African Military Society (Military History Journal) | volume=1| issue=7| pages=}}</ref> Each member received a badge that illustrated a combined [[compass]] point and [[spearhead]]. The badge's logo was similar to the [[fleur-de-lis]] that Scouting later adopted as its international symbol. In the United Kingdom the public followed his struggle to hold Mafeking through newspapers, and when the siege was broken Baden-Powell had become a [[national hero]]. This pushed the sales of a small instruction book he had written about military scouting, ''Aids to Scouting''. On his return to England he noticed the large interest of boys in this book, which was also used by teachers and youth organizations.<ref name="NPG">{{cite web |url=http://www.npg.org.uk/live/wobaden.asp |title=Robert Baden-Powell: Defender of Mafeking and Founder of the Boy Scouts and the Girl Guides | work = Past Exhibition Archive | publisher = [[National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom)|National Portrait Gallery]] | accessdate= 2006-12-03}}</ref> He was suggested by several to rewrite this book for boys, especially during an inspection of the [[Boys' Brigade]]. This brigade was a large youth movement, drilled with military precision. Baden-Powell thought this would not be attractive and suggested that it could grow much larger when scouting would be used.<ref name="BPJeal">{{cite book | last = Jeal | first = Tim | authorlink = Tim Jeal |publisher=Yale University Press| coauthors = | year = 1989 | url = | title = Baden-Powell | pages = 360-362, 371 | accessdate =2007-02-04}}</ref> He studied other schemes, parts of which he used for Scouting. | ||
In July 1906, [[Ernest Thompson Seton]] sent Baden-Powell a copy of his book ''The Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians''. Seton, a British-born Canadian living in the United States, met Baden-Powell in October 1906, and they shared ideas about youth training programs.<ref name="SetonWoo">{{cite web | last = Woo | first = Randy | year = Aug 1996 | url = http://members.aol.com/randywoo/bsahis/seton.htm | title = Ernest Thompson Seton | work = The Ultimate Boy Scouts of America History Site | publisher = Randy Woo | accessdate = 2006-12-07}}</ref><ref name="SetonInfed>{{cite web | year = 2002 | url = http://www.infed.org/thinkers/seton.htm | title = Ernest Thompson Seton and Woodcraft | publisher = InFed | accessdate = 2006-12-07}}</ref><ref name="BPInfed>{{cite web | year = 2002 | url = http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-bp.htm | title = Robert Baden-Powell as and Educational Innovator | publisher = InFed | accessdate = 2006-12-07}}</ref> In 1907 Baden-Powell wrote a draft called ''Boy Patrols''. In the same year, to test his ideas, he gathered 21 boys of mixed social backgrounds and held a week-long camp in August on [[Brownsea Island Scout camp|Brownsea Island]] in Poole Harbour, | In July 1906, [[Ernest Thompson Seton]] sent Baden-Powell a copy of his book ''The Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians''. Seton, a British-born Canadian living in the United States, met Baden-Powell in October 1906, and they shared ideas about youth training programs.<ref name="SetonWoo">{{cite web | last = Woo | first = Randy | year = Aug 1996 | url = http://members.aol.com/randywoo/bsahis/seton.htm | title = Ernest Thompson Seton | work = The Ultimate Boy Scouts of America History Site | publisher = Randy Woo | accessdate = 2006-12-07}}</ref><ref name="SetonInfed>{{cite web | year = 2002 | url = http://www.infed.org/thinkers/seton.htm | title = Ernest Thompson Seton and Woodcraft | publisher = InFed | accessdate = 2006-12-07}}</ref><ref name="BPInfed>{{cite web | year = 2002 | url = http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-bp.htm | title = Robert Baden-Powell as and Educational Innovator | publisher = InFed | accessdate = 2006-12-07}}</ref> In 1907 Baden-Powell wrote a draft called ''Boy Patrols''. In the same year, to test his ideas, he gathered 21 boys of mixed social backgrounds and held a week-long camp in August on [[Brownsea Island Scout camp|Brownsea Island]] in Poole Harbour, Dorset, England.<ref>{{cite book| | author = Woolgar, Brian| coauthors = La Riviere, Sheila| year = 2002| title = Why Brownsea? The Beginnings of Scouting | publisher = Brownsea Island Scout and Guide Management Committee}}</ref> His organizational method, now known as the Patrol System and a key part of Scouting training, allowed the boys to organize themselves into small groups with an elected patrol leader.<ref>{{cite web | author = Johnny Walker| url = http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/brownsea.htm| title = Scouting Milestones - Brownsea Island| accessdate = 2006-07-07}}</ref> | ||
In the autumn of 1907, Baden-Powell went on an extensive speaking tour arranged by his publisher, [[Cyril Arthur Pearson|Arthur Pearson]], to promote his forthcoming book, ''[[Scouting for Boys]]''. He had not simply rewritten his ''Aids to Scouting'', but left out the military aspects and transferred the techniques (mainly [[survival skills|survival]]) to non-military heroes: backwoodsmen, explorers (and later on, sailors and airmen).<ref name="Varsity" /> He also added innovative educational principles (the [[Scout method]]) by which he extended the attractive game to a personal mental education. | In the autumn of 1907, Baden-Powell went on an extensive speaking tour arranged by his publisher, [[Cyril Arthur Pearson|Arthur Pearson]], to promote his forthcoming book, ''[[Scouting for Boys]]''. He had not simply rewritten his ''Aids to Scouting'', but left out the military aspects and transferred the techniques (mainly [[survival skills|survival]]) to non-military heroes: backwoodsmen, explorers (and later on, sailors and airmen).<ref name="Varsity" /> He also added innovative educational principles (the [[Scout method]]) by which he extended the attractive game to a personal mental education. | ||