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Scouting and Guiding in Poland: Difference between revisions
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The '''[[Scouting]] and [[Girl Guides|Guiding]] movement in [[Poland]]''' consists of about twelve independent organizations with an overall membership of 190,000 Scouts and Guides. | The '''[[Scouting]] and [[Girl Guides|Guiding]] movement in [[Poland]]''' consists of about twelve independent organizations with an overall membership of 190,000 Scouts and Guides. | ||
==Scouting organizations== | == Scouting organizations == | ||
* ''Federacja Drużyn im. Cichociemnych'' | * ''Federacja Drużyn im. Cichociemnych'' | ||
* ''Harcerski Ruch Ochrony Środowiska'' [http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harcerski_Ruch_Ochrony_%C5%9Arodowiska] | * ''Harcerski Ruch Ochrony Środowiska'' [http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harcerski_Ruch_Ochrony_%C5%9Arodowiska] | ||
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* [[Związek Harcerstwa Rzeczypospolitej]] (ZHR), observer at the [[CES]], 15,000 members | * [[Związek Harcerstwa Rzeczypospolitej]] (ZHR), observer at the [[CES]], 15,000 members | ||
==Polish Scouting abroad== | == Polish Scouting abroad == | ||
Polish [[Scouts-in-Exile]] organizations include | Polish [[Scouts-in-Exile]] organizations include | ||
* ''Harcerstwo Polskie w Republice Czeskiej'' (Polish Scouting in the [[Czech Republic]]) | * ''Harcerstwo Polskie w Republice Czeskiej'' (Polish Scouting in the [[Czech Republic]]) | ||
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* ''Związek Harcerstwa Rzeczypospolitej w Kanadzie'' (Polish Scouting in Canada; not affiliated to [[Związek Harcerstwa Rzeczypospolitej]] in Poland) | * ''Związek Harcerstwa Rzeczypospolitej w Kanadzie'' (Polish Scouting in Canada; not affiliated to [[Związek Harcerstwa Rzeczypospolitej]] in Poland) | ||
==International Scouting units in Poland== | == International Scouting units in Poland == | ||
In addition, there are USA Girl Scouts Overseas in [[Warsaw]], serviced by way of USAGSO headquarters in [[New York]]; American Cub Scouts and Boy Scouts linked to the Horizon District of the [[Transatlantic Council]] of the [[Boy Scouts of America]], which supports units in west-and-central Europe, the Near East and North Africa. | In addition, there are USA Girl Scouts Overseas in [[Warsaw]], serviced by way of USAGSO headquarters in [[New York]]; American Cub Scouts and Boy Scouts linked to the Horizon District of the [[Transatlantic Council]] of the [[Boy Scouts of America]], which supports units in west-and-central Europe, the Near East and North Africa. | ||
==History of the Scout movement in Poland== | == History of the Scout movement in Poland == | ||
===Falcons Association=== | === Falcons Association === | ||
{{main|Sokół}} | {{main|Sokół}} | ||
An important group dedicated to independence in [[Greater Poland]] became the ''Polish Gymnastic Society "Falcon"'' ({{lang-pl|Polskie Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne "Sokół"}}. The group's goal was to develop fitness, both physically and mentally, with a motto “mens sana in corpore sano” (a fit spirit in a fit body). | An important group dedicated to independence in [[Greater Poland]] became the ''Polish Gymnastic Society "Falcon"'' ({{lang-pl|Polskie Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne "Sokół"}}. The group's goal was to develop fitness, both physically and mentally, with a motto “mens sana in corpore sano” (a fit spirit in a fit body). | ||
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It was shown that the president of "Iskra", [[Kazimierz Syller]], "Brzask" [[Stanisław Szulc]], and of "Ogniwo" (The Link) [[Edmund Maćkowiak]], nor any other adult member were never members of Falcon Society. The jury canceled the ruling, but his caused even more harassment from the Police and attempts to penetrate the organizations by informers began. | It was shown that the president of "Iskra", [[Kazimierz Syller]], "Brzask" [[Stanisław Szulc]], and of "Ogniwo" (The Link) [[Edmund Maćkowiak]], nor any other adult member were never members of Falcon Society. The jury canceled the ruling, but his caused even more harassment from the Police and attempts to penetrate the organizations by informers began. | ||
===Beginning of the Scout movement=== | === Beginning of the Scout movement === | ||
Meanwhile, [[Bernard Chrzanowski]] and [[Ksawery Zakrzewski]] came on a new idea to create a Scout movement in the area. By then, the Scout movement already was held in high regard across the world. On [[October 17]] in the flat of Henry Śniegocki came into existence the first organization of Greater Poland Boy Scouts, formed by [[Cezary Jindra]], Henryk Śniegocki, [[Wincenty Wierzejewski]], [[Edmund Weclawski]], [[Leonard Skowroński]] and [[Tadeusz Wolski]]. | Meanwhile, [[Bernard Chrzanowski]] and [[Ksawery Zakrzewski]] came on a new idea to create a Scout movement in the area. By then, the Scout movement already was held in high regard across the world. On [[October 17]] in the flat of Henry Śniegocki came into existence the first organization of Greater Poland Boy Scouts, formed by [[Cezary Jindra]], Henryk Śniegocki, [[Wincenty Wierzejewski]], [[Edmund Weclawski]], [[Leonard Skowroński]] and [[Tadeusz Wolski]]. | ||
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At first the Scouts did not have a standardized uniform, as some of the formed groups wanted to remain independent. However, all the groups accepted similar dressing and design, the worldwide scout badge with a lily and extra letters ONC, meaning Motherland, Science (study) and Virtue (merit). The program set up of three parts, the common Scout idea, the science, especially study of national history and language with national values and basic military training, with reference to freedom insurgent traditions. | At first the Scouts did not have a standardized uniform, as some of the formed groups wanted to remain independent. However, all the groups accepted similar dressing and design, the worldwide scout badge with a lily and extra letters ONC, meaning Motherland, Science (study) and Virtue (merit). The program set up of three parts, the common Scout idea, the science, especially study of national history and language with national values and basic military training, with reference to freedom insurgent traditions. | ||
The rapid development and popularity of Boy Scouts continued to grow up to 1914, but was interrupted by start of | The rapid development and popularity of Boy Scouts continued to grow up to 1914, but was interrupted by start of WW I. | ||
===World War I=== | === World War I === | ||
[[Image:Headquater of Scouts seal.JPG|thumb|180px|Reproduction of the seal of Scout headquarters on the German Reich territory - signed by Węcławski, the secretary]] | [[Image:Headquater of Scouts seal.JPG|thumb|180px|Reproduction of the seal of Scout headquarters on the German Reich territory - signed by Węcławski, the secretary]] | ||
Around the end of 1914 and the beginning of the 1915, the Scout movement resumed, but continued in hiding. The temporary interruption caused not exactly by the imposed martial law, but mainly the absence of the mature leadership, mobilized in the German Army. | Around the end of 1914 and the beginning of the 1915, the Scout movement resumed, but continued in hiding. The temporary interruption caused not exactly by the imposed martial law, but mainly the absence of the mature leadership, mobilized in the German Army. | ||
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By the end of 1916 the integration progressed further, resulting in constituting a secret Headquarter of Scouts on the [[German Reich]] (territory). Occasionally it turned out, that it contains 83 troops with about 2600 members, already more as in 1914, still growning. | By the end of 1916 the integration progressed further, resulting in constituting a secret Headquarter of Scouts on the [[German Reich]] (territory). Occasionally it turned out, that it contains 83 troops with about 2600 members, already more as in 1914, still growning. | ||
===Post-World War I=== | === Post-World War I === | ||
Henryk Śniegocki became the Chief of Scouts troop in the Directorate of Greater-Poland Scout Troops (with [[Anna Krysiewicz]], commanding the Girl Guides). In July 1919 he was one of three delegates for the meeting, resulting in merger of Greater-Poland Scouts with the [[ZHP]]. However, in 1920 he volunteered, as already experienced organizer to the plebiscite of the Mazurs and next, fought in the [[Silesian uprising#Second Silesian Uprising: 19 August.E2.80.9325 August 1920|II]] and [[Silesian uprising#Third Silesian Uprising: 2 May.E2.80.935 July 1921|III Silesia uprising]]. | Henryk Śniegocki became the Chief of Scouts troop in the Directorate of Greater-Poland Scout Troops (with [[Anna Krysiewicz]], commanding the Girl Guides). In July 1919 he was one of three delegates for the meeting, resulting in merger of Greater-Poland Scouts with the [[ZHP]]. However, in 1920 he volunteered, as already experienced organizer to the plebiscite of the Mazurs and next, fought in the [[Silesian uprising#Second Silesian Uprising: 19 August.E2.80.9325 August 1920|II]] and [[Silesian uprising#Third Silesian Uprising: 2 May.E2.80.935 July 1921|III Silesia uprising]]. | ||
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The scientific achievements of Professor from the [[Poznań University]], Kostrzewski diminished his share in the freedom and independence movement, which was eminent. However, it deserves memory and he continued this task. At the University, he became one of initiators and caretakers of the Academickie Koło Harcerskie (Academician Scout Circle – of instructors). This was the bunch, which formed people, leading in the [[World War II]] the famous "[[Szare Szeregi]]" (Gray Lines) the secret Scout organization. Another's created the secret organization “Ojczyzna” (The Motherland), a cadre for longtime task, which after bloody liquidation of almost all secret societies in Greater-Poland represented the province in the Underground State and continued the basic works. In the following second occupation, they managed to create [[The Western Institute]]. | The scientific achievements of Professor from the [[Poznań University]], Kostrzewski diminished his share in the freedom and independence movement, which was eminent. However, it deserves memory and he continued this task. At the University, he became one of initiators and caretakers of the Academickie Koło Harcerskie (Academician Scout Circle – of instructors). This was the bunch, which formed people, leading in the [[World War II]] the famous "[[Szare Szeregi]]" (Gray Lines) the secret Scout organization. Another's created the secret organization “Ojczyzna” (The Motherland), a cadre for longtime task, which after bloody liquidation of almost all secret societies in Greater-Poland represented the province in the Underground State and continued the basic works. In the following second occupation, they managed to create [[The Western Institute]]. | ||
==See also== | == See also == | ||
*[[Scouting in displaced persons camps]] | *[[Scouting in displaced persons camps]] | ||
==References== | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
*abstract from ''The Memoirs of Scoutmaster Henryk Śniegocki'', Poznań, Poland, 1971. | *abstract from ''The Memoirs of Scoutmaster Henryk Śniegocki'', Poznań, Poland, 1971. | ||