18,519
edits
Orienteering: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
Robot: Automated text replacement (-Finland +Finland)
m (Robot: Automated text replacement (-nylon +nylon)) |
m (Robot: Automated text replacement (-Finland +Finland)) |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
The first large scale orienteering meet was organized in 1918 by Major Ernst Killander of Stockholm, Sweden. Killander was a [[Scouting|Scout]] leader who turned to the sport as an opportunity to interest youth in athletics. The first large scale event was organized south of Stockholm and was attended by 220 athletes.<ref name="palmer_18"/><ref name="boga_1">Boga, Steven (1997). ''Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2870-6. p. 1.</ref> Killander continued to develop the rules and principles of the sport, and today is widely regarded throughout Scandinavia as the "Father of Orienteering". | The first large scale orienteering meet was organized in 1918 by Major Ernst Killander of Stockholm, Sweden. Killander was a [[Scouting|Scout]] leader who turned to the sport as an opportunity to interest youth in athletics. The first large scale event was organized south of Stockholm and was attended by 220 athletes.<ref name="palmer_18"/><ref name="boga_1">Boga, Steven (1997). ''Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2870-6. p. 1.</ref> Killander continued to develop the rules and principles of the sport, and today is widely regarded throughout Scandinavia as the "Father of Orienteering". | ||
The sport gained popularity with the development of more reliable compasses in the 1930s. The first international competition between orienteers of Sweden and Norway was held outside Oslo, Norway in 1932. In 1933, the Swedish compass manufacturer [[Silva compass|Silva Sweden AB]] introduced a new compass design, the [[protractor compass]]. Until the development of [[thumb compass]]es, the protractor compass would remain the state of the art in the sport. By 1934, over a quarter million Swedes were actively participating in the sport, and orienteering had spread to | The sport gained popularity with the development of more reliable compasses in the 1930s. The first international competition between orienteers of Sweden and Norway was held outside Oslo, Norway in 1932. In 1933, the Swedish compass manufacturer [[Silva compass|Silva Sweden AB]] introduced a new compass design, the [[protractor compass]]. Until the development of [[thumb compass]]es, the protractor compass would remain the state of the art in the sport. By 1934, over a quarter million Swedes were actively participating in the sport, and orienteering had spread to Finland, Switzerland, the Soviet Union, and Hungary. The nations of Finland, Norway, and Sweden all established national championships.<ref name="palmer_20">Palmer, Peter (1997). ''The Complete Orienteering Manual''. Wiltshire, England: The Crowood Press Ltd., ISBN [[Special:Booksoures/1861260954|1-86126-095-4]], p. 20.</ref> The Swedish national orienteering society, ''Svenska Orienteringförbundet'', the first national orienteering society, was founded in 1936.<ref name="boga_2">Boga, Steven (1997). ''Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2870-6. p. 2.</ref> | ||
=== Post war years === | === Post war years === | ||
Following World War II, orienteering spread throughout Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, and New Zealand. The first orienteering event held in North America took place in November, 1941 at [[Dartmouth College]], in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], USA, organized by Piltti Heiskanen, a visiting student from Finland. Bjorn Kjellstrom (d. 1995), a Swedish orienteer and co-founder of compass manufacturer Silva Sweden AB, moved to the United States in 1946 to found the U.S. operations of The Silva Company (later Silva, Inc.). Kjellstrom brought his love for orienteering with him, inaugurating Silva Orienteering Services to provide training and company sponsorship for the sport. With Norwegian Harald Wilbye, Kjellstrom would help found a U.S. orienteering club in 1967 that became one of the largest and most active orienteering clubs in the United States.<ref name="boga_3">Boga, Steven (1997). ''Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2870-6. p. 3-4.</ref> The Canadian Orienteering Federation was also founded in 1967, and the first Canadian national orienteering championship was held at Gatineau Park in [[Ottawa]] on August 10, 1968.<ref name="kirk">Kirk, Colin (2006). [http://www.orienteering.ca/HISTORY.htm "History of the Canadian Orienteering Federation"]. Retrieved Feb. 22, 2006.</ref> The only [[World Orienteering Championships|World Championship]] to be held in North America took place at [[West Point]], New York, USA in 1993. | Following World War II, orienteering spread throughout Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, and New Zealand. The first orienteering event held in North America took place in November, 1941 at [[Dartmouth College]], in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], USA, organized by Piltti Heiskanen, a visiting student from Finland. Bjorn Kjellstrom (d. 1995), a Swedish orienteer and co-founder of compass manufacturer Silva Sweden AB, moved to the United States in 1946 to found the U.S. operations of The Silva Company (later Silva, Inc.). Kjellstrom brought his love for orienteering with him, inaugurating Silva Orienteering Services to provide training and company sponsorship for the sport. With Norwegian Harald Wilbye, Kjellstrom would help found a U.S. orienteering club in 1967 that became one of the largest and most active orienteering clubs in the United States.<ref name="boga_3">Boga, Steven (1997). ''Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass''. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2870-6. p. 3-4.</ref> The Canadian Orienteering Federation was also founded in 1967, and the first Canadian national orienteering championship was held at Gatineau Park in [[Ottawa]] on August 10, 1968.<ref name="kirk">Kirk, Colin (2006). [http://www.orienteering.ca/HISTORY.htm "History of the Canadian Orienteering Federation"]. Retrieved Feb. 22, 2006.</ref> The only [[World Orienteering Championships|World Championship]] to be held in North America took place at [[West Point]], New York, USA in 1993. | ||
Eleven countries sent representatives to an international conference in [[Sandviken]], Sweden in 1949 that aimed to bring more consistent rules and mapping standards to the sport. The Norwegians and Swedes began producing new multi-color maps designed specifically for orienteering in the 1950s. The first orienteering event in Australia was held in 1955. The [[International Orienteering Federation]] (IOF) was established in 1961 and the first world championships were held in 1966. The founding member societies represented the nations of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], the [[German Democratic Republic]], | Eleven countries sent representatives to an international conference in [[Sandviken]], Sweden in 1949 that aimed to bring more consistent rules and mapping standards to the sport. The Norwegians and Swedes began producing new multi-color maps designed specifically for orienteering in the 1950s. The first orienteering event in Australia was held in 1955. The [[International Orienteering Federation]] (IOF) was established in 1961 and the first world championships were held in 1966. The founding member societies represented the nations of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], the [[German Democratic Republic]], Finland, Hungary, Norway, [[Sweden]], and Switzerland. By 1969, the IOF would represent 16 countries, including the first two non-European member societies representing Japan and Canada.<ref name="dandenong">Dandenong Ranges Orienteering Club (2004). ''[http://www.momentech.com.au/droc/HistoryOrienteering.asp Orienteering History]''. Retrieved Feb 19, 2006.</ref> | ||
=== Recent years === | === Recent years === | ||