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{{infobox WorldScouting | type = award | image = Scout woodbadge beads.jpg | caption = Wood Badge [[bead]]s on top of the 1st Gilwell Scout Group [[neckerchief]] | name = Wood Badge | founder = [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Baden-Powell]] | country = All | award-for = Completion of leadership training | f-date = 1919 | members = more than 100,000}}
{{infobox WorldScouting | type = award | image = Wood badge regalia 1.jpg| caption = Wood Badge neckerchief with beads and woggle | name = Wood Badge | founder = [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Baden-Powell]] | country = All | award-for = Completion of leadership training | f-date = 1919 | members = more than 100,000}}
'''Wood Badge''' is a [[Scouting]] [[leadership]] program and the related [[award]] for [[Scout Leader|adult leader]]s in the programs of [[List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members|Scout associations]] around the world. Wood Badge [[Course (education)|courses]] aim to make [[Scouter]]s better leaders by teaching advanced leadership skills, and by creating a [[Human bonding|bond]] and [[Personal commitment|commitment]] to the Scout movement. Courses generally have a combined [[classroom]] and practical [[Wilderness|outdoors]]-based phase followed by a Wood Badge ''ticket'', also [[project]], phase. By "working the ticket", participants put their newly gained experience into practice to attain ticket goals aiding the Scouting movement. The first Wood Badge training was organized by [[Francis Gidney|Francis "Skipper" Gidney]] and lectured at by [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Robert Baden-Powell]] and others at [[Gilwell Park]] ([[United Kingdom]]) in September 1919. Wood Badge training has since spread across the world with international variations.
Scouts who complete the [[Wood Badge training]] are recognized with [[insignia]] consisting of the '''Wood Badge''' beads, 1st Gilwell Group neckerchief and woggle.


On completion of the course, participants are awarded the Wood Badge [[bead]]s to recognize significant achievement in leadership and direct service to young people. The pair of small wooden beads, one on each end of a leather [[thong]] (string), is worn around the neck as part of the Scout [[uniform]]. The beads are presented together with a [[taupe]] [[neckerchief]] bearing a [[tartan]] patch of the [[Clan MacLaren|Maclaren clan]], honoring William De Bois Maclaren, who donated the funding to purchase Gilwell Park in 1919. The neckerchief with the braided leather [[woggle]] (neckerchief slide) denotes the membership of the ''1st Gilwell Scout Group'' or ''Gilwell Troop 1''. Recipients of the Wood Badge are known as ''Wood Badgers'' or ''Gilwellians''.
* See also [[Wood Badge Ticket Project on ScoutWiki]]


==Scout leader training course==
=== Beads ===
===History===
[[Image:Dinizulu.jpg|thumb|King Dinizulu wearing the necklace from which the original Wood Badge beads came]]
[[image:wb course first.jpg|thumb|300px|right|First Wood Badge training at [[Gilwell Park]]]]
<!-- FAIR USE of 'wb course first.jpg': see image description page at                    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:wb_course_first.jpg for rationale -->
Soon after founding the [[Scouting|Scout movement]], [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Robert Baden-Powell]] saw the need for leader training. Early [[Scoutmaster]] training camps were held in [[London]] in 1910, and in [[Yorkshire]] in 1911. Baden-Powell wanted his training to be as practical as possible, and that meant holding it in the [[outdoors]] in [[camp]]. [[World War I]] delayed the development of leader training, so the first formal Wood Badge course was not offered until 1919.<ref name="wbfounding"/><ref name="gillwbhist"/><ref name="origins"/> [[Gilwell Park]], just outside of [[London]], was purchased specifically to provide a venue for the course and was opened for use on [[June 2]], [[1919]]. Francis Gidney, the first Camp Chief at Gilwell Park, conducted the first Wood Badge course there from [[September 8]] to [[September 19]], [[1919]]. It was produced by [[Percy Everett]], the Commissioner of Training, and Baden-Powell himself gave lectures. The course was attended by 18 participants, and other lecturers. After this first course, Wood Badge training continued at Gilwell Park, and it became the home of leadership training in the Scout movement.<ref name="gillwbhist2">{{cite web | url = http://pinetreeweb.com/woodbadg.htm | title = The Wood Badge Homepage | publisher = Pinetree Web | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref>
 
===Modern curriculum===
[[Image:GilwellLogo.svg|thumb|100px|Gilwell Park's axe and log represents Wood Badge]]
The main [[Objective (goal)|objective]]s of a Wood Badge course are to:<ref name="tsa_por_trg_limit">{{cite web | url = http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/hqdocs/por/2006/3_35.htm#rule_3.34 | title = Rule 3.34: Adult Training Obligations | work = Policy, Organisation and Rules | format= HTML | publisher = The Scout Association | accessdate = 2007-01-24}}</ref><ref name="goals">{{cite web | last = Barnard | first = Mike | year = 2002 | url = http://www.woodbadge.org/WB21/wb21obj.htm |format= | title = The Objectives of Wood Badge | publisher = Woodbadge.org | accessdate = 2007-01-07}}</ref><ref name="complete">{{cite web | url = http://www.catvog.org/adultsupport/woodbadge.php | title = Training: The Wood Badge | publisher = CATVOG Scout Area (The Scout Association) | accessdate = 2007-01-21}}</ref>
* Recognize the contemporary leadership concepts utilized in the corporate world and leading government organizations that are relevant to Scouting's values.
* Apply the skills one learns from participating as a member of a successful working team.
* View Scouting globally, as a family of interrelated, values-based programs that provide age-appropriate activities for youth.
* Revitalize the leader's commitment by sharing in an inspirational experience that helps provide Scouting with the leadership it needs to accomplish its mission.
 
Generally, a Wood Badge course consists of classroom work, outdoor training, and the Wood Badge "ticket" or "project". Classroom and outdoor training are often combined and taught together, and  occur over one or more weeks or weekends. As part of completing this portion of the course, participants must write their tickets.
 
The training includes both theoretical and experiential learning. All course participants are introduced to ''1st Gilwell Scout group'' or ''Gilwell Scout Troop 1'', and assigned to one of the traditional Wood Badge "critter" [[patrol]]s. Instructors deliver training designed to strengthen the patrols. One-on-one work with an assigned troop guide helps each participant to reflect on what he has learned, so that he can better prepare an individualized "ticket". This part of the training program gives the adult [[Scout Leader|Scouter]] the opportunity to assume the role of a Scout joining the original "model" troop, to learn firsthand how a troop ideally operates. The [[locale]] of all initial training is referred to as ''Gilwell Field'', no matter its geographical location.<ref>{{cite book | title = Wood Badge For The 21st Century - Staff Guide | year = 2001 | publisher = Boy Scouts of America}}</ref>
 
===Ticket===
The phrase 'working your ticket' comes from a story attributed to Baden-Powell: Upon completion of a British soldier's service in India, he had to pay the cost of his ticket home. The most affordable way for a soldier to return was to engineer a progression of assignments that were successively closer to home.
 
Part of the transformative power of the Wood Badge experience is the effective use of [[metaphor]] and [[tradition]] to reach both heart and mind. In most Scout associations, "working your ticket" is the [[culmination]] of Wood Badge training. Participants apply themselves and their new knowledge and skills to the completion of items designed to strengthen the individual's leadership and the home unit's organizational [[resilience]] in a project or "ticket". The ticket consists of specific goals that must be accomplished within a specified time. Effective tickets require much planning and are approved by the Wood Badge course staff before the course phase ends. Upon completion of the ticket, a participant is said to have earned his way back to Gilwell.<ref name="21stticket">{{cite web | last = Barnard | first = Mike | year = 2003 | url =http://www.woodbadge.org/WB21/wb21ticket.htm | title = What is a Wood Badge Ticket? | publisher = Woodbadge.org | accessdate= 2007-01-07}}</ref>
 
===On completion===
After completion of the Wood Badge course, participants are awarded the insignia in a Wood Badge bead ceremony.<ref name="21stceremony">{{cite web | last = Barnard | first = Mike | year = 2002 | url =http://www.woodbadge.org/Ceremonies/wbcere.htm | title = Wood Badge Presentation Ceremonies | publisher = Woodbadge.org| accessdate= 2007-01-07}}</ref> They receive automatic membership in 1st Gilwell Park Scout Group (called Gilwell Troop 1 in America and other countries). These leaders are henceforth called Wood Badgers or Gilwellians. It is estimated that worldwide over 100,000 Scouters have completed their Wood Badge training.<ref name="recipients"> {{cite web | year = 2007 | url = http://www.scoutingvermont.org/training/woodbadge/woodbadge_invitation_files/woodbadge_invitation.htm| title = Wood Badge - 2007 Letter of Invitation| publisher = Green Mountain Council Boy Scouts of America | accessdate = 2007-01-26}}</ref> The 1st Gilwell Scout Group meets annually during the first weekend in September at [[Gilwell Park]] for the Gilwell Reunion.<ref name="historyofficial">{{cite book | last = Rogers | first = Peter | title = Gilwell Park: A Brief History and Guided Tour | year = 1998 | publisher = [[The Scout Association]] | location = London, England | language= English |pages = pages 5-46}}</ref>
 
==Insignia==
Scouts who complete the Wood Badge program are recognized with [[insignia]] consisting of the Wood Badge beads, 1st Gilwell Group neckerchief and woggle. 
 
===Beads===
[[Image:Dinizulu.jpg|thumb|King [[Dinizulu]] wearing the necklace from which the original Wood Badge beads came]]
The beads, which represent [[courage|bravery]] and leadership, were first presented at the initial leadership course in September 1919 at Gilwell Park. The woggle is a two-strand version of a [[Turk's head knot]], which has no beginning and no end, and symbolizes the commitment of a Wood Badger to Scouting.<ref name="gillwbhist"/><ref name="origins"/>
The beads, which represent [[courage|bravery]] and leadership, were first presented at the initial leadership course in September 1919 at Gilwell Park. The woggle is a two-strand version of a [[Turk's head knot]], which has no beginning and no end, and symbolizes the commitment of a Wood Badger to Scouting.<ref name="gillwbhist"/><ref name="origins"/>


The origins of Wood Badge can be traced to 1888, when Baden-Powell was on a military campaign in [[Zululand]] (now part of [[South Africa]]). He pursued [[Dinizulu]], a [[Zulu]] king, for some time, but never managed to catch up with him. Dinizulu had a 12-foot (4 m)-long [[necklace]] with more than a thousand [[acacia]] beads.<ref name="thousand">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/woodbadge.htm| title = The origins of the Wood Badge | format = | work = | publisher = Johnny Walker's Scouting Milestones | accessdate = 2007-01-21}}</ref> Baden-Powell is said to have found the necklace when he came to Dinizulu's deserted mountain stronghold.<ref name="hillcourt">{{cite book|last=Hillcourt|first=William|authorlink=William Hillcourt| year=1964|title=Baden-Powell: The Two Lives of a Hero | publisher = Heinemann | location = London|pages = 358}}</ref><ref name="origins">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2003 | url =http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/hqdocs/facts/pdfs/fs145001.pdf |format= {{PDFlink|303KB}} | title = The Origins of the Wood Badge | format = | work = | publisher = ScoutBase UK| accessdate= 2007-01-04}}</ref> Such necklaces were known as ''iziQu'' in Zulu and were presented to brave warrior leaders.<!---the Q is UPPERCASE, see ref---><ref name="iziqu">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://africanhistory.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-isiQu.htm| title = iziQu | format = | work =African History | publisher = About.com | accessdate = 2007-01-04}}</ref>
The origins of Wood Badge can be traced to 1888, when Baden-Powell was on a military campaign in Zululand (now part of South Africa). He pursued Dinizulu, a Zulu king, for some time, but never managed to catch up with him. Dinizulu had a 12-foot (4 m)-long [[necklace]] with more than a thousand acacia beads.<ref name="thousand">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/woodbadge.htm| title = The origins of the Wood Badge | format = | work = | publisher = Johnny Walker's Scouting Milestones | accessdate = 2007-01-21}}</ref> Baden-Powell is said to have found the necklace when he came to Dinizulu's deserted mountain stronghold.<ref name="hillcourt">{{cite book|last=Hillcourt|first=William|authorlink=William Hillcourt| year=1964|title=Baden-Powell: The Two Lives of a Hero | publisher = Heinemann | location = London|pages = 358}}</ref><ref name="origins">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2003 | url =http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/hqdocs/facts/pdfs/fs145001.pdf |format= {{PDFlink|303KB}} | title = The Origins of the Wood Badge | format = | work = | publisher = ScoutBase UK| accessdate= 2007-01-04}}</ref> Such necklaces were known as ''iziQu'' in Zulu and were presented to brave warrior leaders.<!---the Q is UPPERCASE, see ref---><ref name="iziqu">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://africanhistory.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-isiQu.htm| title = iziQu | format = | work =African History | publisher = About.com | accessdate = 2007-01-04}}</ref>


Much later, Baden-Powell searched for a distinctive award for the participants in the first Gilwell course. He constructed the first award using two beads from Dinizulu's necklace, and threaded them onto a leather thong given to him by an elderly South African in [[Mafikeng]], calling it the ''Wood Badge''.<ref name="wbfounding">{{cite web | last = Block | first = Nelson R. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 1994 | url = http://www.woodbadge.org/founding.htm | title = The Founding of Wood Badge | format = | work =  | publisher = Woodbadge.org | accessdate= 2006-07-20}}</ref><ref name="gillwbhist">{{cite web | last = Orans | first = Lewis P. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2004 | url = http://pinetreeweb.com/woodbadg.htm | title = The Wood Badge Homepage | format = | work = | publisher = Pinetree Web | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref><ref name="origins"/>
Much later, Baden-Powell searched for a distinctive award for the participants in the first Gilwell course. He constructed the first award using two beads from Dinizulu's necklace, and threaded them onto a leather thong given to him by an elderly South African in [[Mafikeng]], calling it the ''Wood Badge''.<ref name="wbfounding">{{cite web | last = Block | first = Nelson R. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 1994 | url = http://www.woodbadge.org/founding.htm | title = The Founding of Wood Badge | format = | work =  | publisher = Woodbadge.org | accessdate= 2006-07-20}}</ref><ref name="gillwbhist">{{cite web | last = Orans | first = Lewis P. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2004 | url = http://pinetreeweb.com/woodbadg.htm | title = The Wood Badge Homepage | format = | work = | publisher = Pinetree Web | accessdate = 2006-08-01}}</ref><ref name="origins"/>


===1st Gilwell Scout Group neckerchief===
=== 1st Gilwell Scout Group neckerchief ===
[[Image:Wood badge regalia 1.jpg|thumb|right|Wood Badge neckerchief with beads and woggle]]
[[Image:Scout_woodbadge beads.jpg|thumb|right|Wood Badge beads on top of the 1st Gilwell Scout Group [[neckerchief]] ]]
The [[neckerchief]] is a universal [[symbol]] of Scouting and its Maclaren [[tartan]] represents Wood Badge's ties to Gilwell Park. The neckerchief, called a "necker" in British and [[Commonwealth]] Scouting associations, is a standard [[triangular]] scarf made of dove-grey [[cotton]] ([[wool]] is available on special order) that has a patch of [[Clan MacLaren]] tartan at the point.<ref name="mclarenclan">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2004| url =http://www.clanmaclarenna.org/CMSNA/home.nsf/7cf3963177286e1586256c5a00489ae2/1242531143eabbbd86256c90007fff88!OpenDocument
The [[neckerchief]] is a universal [[symbol]] of Scouting and its Maclaren tartan represents Wood Badge's ties to Gilwell Park. The neckerchief, called a "necker" in British and Commonwealth Scouting associations, is a standard [[triangular]] scarf made of dove-grey cotton (wool is available on special order) that has a patch of [[Clan MacLaren]] tartan at the point.<ref name="mclarenclan">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2004| url =http://www.clanmaclarenna.org/CMSNA/home.nsf/7cf3963177286e1586256c5a00489ae2/1242531143eabbbd86256c90007fff88!OpenDocument
| title = Clan MacLaren and the Scouting Connection| format = | work = | publisher = Clan Maclaren.org | accessdate = 2007-01-21}}</ref>  The pattern was adopted in honor of a British Scout commissioner who, as a descendant of the [[Scotland|Scottish]] MacLaren clan, donated money for the Gilwell Park property on which the first Wood Badge program was held.<ref name="neckerchief">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.scouting.org/factsheets/02-539.html | title = History of Wood Badge| format = | work = | publisher = Scouting.org | accessdate = 2007-01-05}}</ref><ref name="origins"/><ref name="thousand"/>
| title = Clan MacLaren and the Scouting Connection| format = | work = | publisher = Clan Maclaren.org | accessdate = 2007-01-21}}</ref>  The pattern was adopted in honor of a British Scout commissioner who, as a descendant of the Scottish MacLaren clan, donated money for the Gilwell Park property on which the first Wood Badge program was held.<ref name="neckerchief">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.scouting.org/factsheets/02-539.html | title = History of Wood Badge| format = | work = | publisher = Scouting.org | accessdate = 2007-01-05}}</ref><ref name="origins"/><ref name="thousand"/>


Originally, the neckerchief was made entirely of triangular pieces of the tartan, but its expense forced the adoption of the current design.  The neckerchief is held together by a tan or brown leather [[Turk's head knot]] [[woggle]].<ref name="gillwbhist"/><ref name="origins"/>
Originally, the neckerchief was made entirely of triangular pieces of the tartan, but its expense forced the adoption of the current design.  The neckerchief is held together by a tan or brown leather [[Turk's head knot]] [[woggle]].<ref name="gillwbhist"/><ref name="origins"/>


===Significance of additional beads===
=== Significance of additional beads ===
Additional beads are awarded to Wood Badgers who serve as part of a Wood Badge training team. One additional bead is awarded to ''Assistant Leader Trainers'' (Wood Badge staff) and two additional beads are awarded to ''Leader Trainers'' (Wood Badge course directors), for a total of four.<ref name="origins"/>
Additional beads are awarded to Wood Badgers who serve as part of a Wood Badge training team. One additional bead is awarded to ''Assistant Leader Trainers'' (Wood Badge staff) and two additional beads are awarded to ''Leader Trainers'' (Wood Badge course directors), for a total of four.<ref name="origins"/>


As part of a [[tradition]], five beads may be worn by the "Deputy Camp Chiefs of Gilwell". The Deputy Camp Chiefs are usually the personnel of National Scout Associations in charge of Wood Badge training. The fifth bead symbolizes the Camp Chief's position as an official representative of Gilwell Park, and his or her function in maintaining the global integrity of Wood Badge training.<ref name="origins"/>
As part of a tradition, five beads may be worn by the "Deputy Camp Chiefs of Gilwell". The Deputy Camp Chiefs are usually the personnel of National Scout Associations in charge of Wood Badge training. The fifth bead symbolizes the Camp Chief's position as an official representative of Gilwell Park, and his or her function in maintaining the global integrity of Wood Badge training.<ref name="origins"/>


The founder of the Scouting movement, Robert Baden-Powell, wore six beads, as did [[Percy Everett|Sir Percy Everett]], then Deputy Chief Scout and the Chief's right hand. Baden-Powell's beads are on display at [[Baden-Powell House]] in [[London]]. Everett endowed his six beads to be worn by the Camp Chief of Gilwell as a badge of office. Since that time the wearer of the sixth bead has generally been by the director or leader training at Gilwell Park.<ref name="origins"/>
The founder of the Scouting movement, Robert Baden-Powell, wore six beads, as did Sir Percy Everett, then Deputy Chief Scout and the Chief's right hand. Baden-Powell's beads are on display at [[Baden-Powell House]] in London. Everett endowed his six beads to be worn by the Camp Chief of Gilwell as a badge of office. Since that time the wearer of the sixth bead has generally been by the director or leader training at Gilwell Park.<ref name="origins"/>


===Other symbols===
=== Other symbols ===
[[Image:Jemenittisk sjofar av kuduhorn.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A kudu horn]]
[[Image:Jemenittisk sjofar av kuduhorn.jpg|thumb|200px|right|A kudu horn]]
The [[kudu]] horn is another Wood Badge symbol. Baden-Powell first encountered the kudu horn at the [[Shangani Patrol|battle of Shangani]], where he discovered how the [[Matabele]] warriors used it to quickly spread a signal of alarm. He used the horn at the [[Brownsea Island Scout camp|first Scout encampment at Brownsea Island]] in 1907. It is used from the early Wood Badge courses to signal the beginning of the course or an activity, and to inspire Scouters to always do better.<ref name="kudu horn">{{cite web | last = Barnard | first = Mike | year = 2000 | url = http://www.woodbadge.org/kuduhorns.htm | title = The Kudu Horn and Scouting | publisher = Woodbadge.org | accessdate = 2006-07-26}}</ref>
The [[kudu]] horn is another Wood Badge symbol. Baden-Powell first encountered the kudu horn at the battle of Shangani, where he discovered how the Matabele warriors used it to quickly spread a signal of alarm. He used the horn at the [[Brownsea Island Scout camp|first Scout encampment at Brownsea Island]] in 1907. It is used from the early Wood Badge courses to signal the beginning of the course or an activity, and to inspire Scouters to always do better.<ref name="kudu horn">{{cite web | last = Barnard | first = Mike | year = 2000 | url = http://www.woodbadge.org/kuduhorns.htm | title = The Kudu Horn and Scouting | publisher = Woodbadge.org | accessdate = 2006-07-26}}</ref>


The grass fields at the back of the White House at Gilwell Park are known as the Training Ground and The Orchard, and are where Wood Badge training was held from the early years onward. A large [[oak]], known as the ''Gilwell Oak'', separates the two fields. The Gilwell Oak symbol is associated with Wood Badge, although the beads for the Wood Badge have never been made of this oak.<ref name="historyofficial"/>  
The grass fields at the back of the White House at Gilwell Park are known as the Training Ground and The Orchard, and are where Wood Badge training was held from the early years onward. A large [[oak]], known as the ''Gilwell Oak'', separates the two fields. The Gilwell Oak symbol is associated with Wood Badge, although the beads for the Wood Badge have never been made of this oak.<ref name="historyofficial"/>  


[[Cub Scout|Wolf Cub]] leaders briefly followed a separate training system beginning in 1922, in which they were awarded the ''Akela Badge'' on completion. The badge was a single [[fang]] on a leather [[thong]]. Wolf Cub Leader Trainers wore two fangs.<ref name="fangs">{{cite web | url = http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/history/cubs/ | title = The history of Cubbing in the United Kingdom 1916-present | publisher = ScoutBase UK| accessdate = 2007-01-04}}</ref><ref name="thousand"/> The Akela Badge was discontinued in 1925, and all leaders were awarded the Wood Badge on completion of their training. Very few of the fangs issued as Akela Badges can now be found.<ref name="origins"/>
[[Cub Scout|Wolf Cub]] leaders briefly followed a separate training system beginning in 1922, in which they were awarded the ''Akela Badge'' on completion. The badge was a single [[fang]] on a leather thong. Wolf Cub Leader Trainers wore two fangs.<ref name="fangs">{{cite web | url = http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/history/cubs/ | title = The history of Cubbing in the United Kingdom 1916-present | publisher = ScoutBase UK| accessdate = 2007-01-04}}</ref><ref name="thousand"/> The Akela Badge was discontinued in 1925, and all leaders were awarded the Wood Badge on completion of their training. Very few of the fangs issued as Akela Badges can now be found.<ref name="origins"/>


==International training centers and trainers==
== References ==
[[Image:1ste Gillwell Leiderscursus.jpg|thumb|Gilwell Leiderscursus, The Netherlands 9-21 July 1923]]
<div class="references-small"><references /></div>
The first Wood Badge training took place on Gilwell Park. The estate continues to provide the service in 2007, for British Scouters of [[The Scout Association]] and international participants. Original trainers include Baden-Powell and Gilwell Camp Chiefs [[Francis Gidney]], [[J.S. Wilson|John Wilson]] and, until the 1960s, [[John Thurman]]. 
 
Other sites providing Wood Badge training have taken the Gilwell name. Gilwell Ada's Hoeve, [[Ommen]] in the Netherlands, was the locale of the first Wood Badge training outside the United Kingdom, held in July 1923 by Scoutmaster [[Jan Schaap]].<ref name="neth">{{cite web | url = http://www.kelpin.nl/fred/padvinderskroniek.htm | title = Piet Kroonenbergs Padvinderskroniek | language = Dutch | publisher = Kelpin | accessdate= 2006-06-01}}</ref> At Gilwell Sint Walrick, [[Overasselt]], the Catholic Scouts had their training. Since approximately 2000, the Dutch Wood Badge training takes place on the Scout campsite ''Buitenzorg'', [[Baarn]], or outdoors in Belgium or Germany under the name 'Gilwell Training'.
 
In 2003, [[Scouts Australia]] established the [[Scouts Australia Institute of Training]], a government-registered National Vocational & Education Training (VET) provider. Under this registration, Scouts Australia awards a "Diploma in Leadership" to those Adult Leaders who complete the Wood Badge training and additional competencies.<ref name="aus">{{cite web | url = http://www.scouts.com.au/main.asp?iStoryID=1944 | title = Wood Badge Training Program | publisher = Scouts Australia | accessdate = 2007-01-04}}</ref> The Diploma of Leadership, like all Australian VET qualifications, is recognized throughout Australia by both government and private industry.<ref name="recognition">{{cite web | year = August 2006 | url = http://www.coventryscouts.org.uk/sixth%20issue%20-%20November%202006.pdf | title = Training Bulletion: Woodbadge holders | format ={{PDFlink|300KB}} | publisher = Scouts Australia | accessdate = 2007-01-12}}</ref>
 
Wood Badge training in [[Ireland]] goes back to the 1st [[Larch Hill]] of [[Scouting Ireland (CSI)|the Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland]], who conducted Wood Badge courses that emphasized the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] element of Scouting. Scouters must also hold a valid [[first aid]] certificate in order to be presented with the Wood Badge.<ref name="Ireland">{{cite web | url = http://www.scouts.ie/resources/adult-resources/woodbadge-training/ | title = Resources: Adult Resources | publisher = Scouting Ireland | accessdate= 2007-01-04}}</ref>
 
[[Image:FourAmericanWoodBadgers03.jpg|thumb|200px|Four American Wood Badgers with insignia]]
Since 1948, Wood Badge training has been provided in the United States at [[Mortimer L. Schiff Scout Reservation|Schiff Scout Reservation]] and, in the last decades, mostly at [[Philmont Scout Ranch]].<ref name="ubushist">{{cite web | last = Barnard | first = Mike | year = 2002 | url = http://www.woodbadge.org/wbhistus.htm |title = History of Wood Badge in the United States | publisher = Woodbadge.org| accessdate= 2007-01-07}}</ref><ref name="schiff"/> [[William "Green Bar Bill" Hillcourt|Bill Hillcourt]] was a key figure of the early days of Wood Badge in the U.S., where it developed into a core asset of the [[Boy Scouts of America]].<ref name="schiff">{{cite web | last = Barnard| first = Mike | year = 2001 | url = http://www.woodbadge.org/wbgbbWB.htm | title = Green Bar Bill Hillcourt's Impact on Wood Badge | publisher = Woodbadge.org | accessdate = 2007-01-30}}</ref> A new curriculum called "21st Century Wood Badge" was introduced in 2001. It is aimed at all adult leaders in the Boy Scouts of America, regardless of the program area they serve in, and eliminates the need for the previous program-specific Wood Badge courses: [[Cub Scout]], [[Boy Scout]], [[Varsity Scouts (Boy Scouts of America)|Varsity Scout]], [[Venturing]], and [[Sea Scouting]].<ref name="ubushist"/><ref name="goals"/><ref name="21stticket"/><ref name="21sttheme">{{cite web | last = Barnard | first = Mike | year = 2004 | url = http://www.woodbadge.org/WB21/wb21themes.htm | title = The Objectives of Wood Badge for the Twenty-First Century | publisher = Woodbadge.org| accessdate = 2007-01-07}}</ref> No person may serve as Wood Badge staff on courses in 2007 or later unless that person took the course, or served on staff, after 2001.<ref name="21stceremony"/><ref name="ubushist"/>
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
*[http://web.mac.com/tonyoaks/iWeb/WoodBadge/Welcome.html Example ticket]
*[http://www.scouts.com.au/autopage.asp?iMenuID=1206&iShellID=702 Scouts Australia Institute of Training Site]
*[http://www.seascout.org/for_leaders/adult_recognition/adult-seabadge.html Sea Badge]
*[http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/hqdocs/facts/pdfs/fs145001.pdf UK Scout Association fact sheet  on Wood Badge history]
*[http://www.woodbadge.org/ Wood Badge-BSA site (unofficial)]
 
{{Featured article}}


[[Category:Scout and Guide awards]]
[[Category:Scout and Guide awards]]
[[Category:Scout leader training]]
[[Category:Wood Badge]]
 
[[it:Wood Badge]]
[[sv:Treklöver-Gilwellutbildning]]
[[zh:木章]]
 
[[es:La Insignia de Madera]]
[[fi:Metsämerkki]]
[[fr:Badge de bois]]
[[nl:Woodbadge]]

Latest revision as of 23:31, 23 December 2023

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Wood Badge
Wood Badge
Wood Badge neckerchief with beads and woggle
Country All
Created 1919
Founder Baden-Powell
Awarded for Completion of leadership training
Recipients more than 100,000

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Scouts who complete the Wood Badge training are recognized with insignia consisting of the Wood Badge beads, 1st Gilwell Group neckerchief and woggle.

Beads

King Dinizulu wearing the necklace from which the original Wood Badge beads came

The beads, which represent bravery and leadership, were first presented at the initial leadership course in September 1919 at Gilwell Park. The woggle is a two-strand version of a Turk's head knot, which has no beginning and no end, and symbolizes the commitment of a Wood Badger to Scouting.[1][2]

The origins of Wood Badge can be traced to 1888, when Baden-Powell was on a military campaign in Zululand (now part of South Africa). He pursued Dinizulu, a Zulu king, for some time, but never managed to catch up with him. Dinizulu had a 12-foot (4 m)-long necklace with more than a thousand acacia beads.[3] Baden-Powell is said to have found the necklace when he came to Dinizulu's deserted mountain stronghold.[4][2] Such necklaces were known as iziQu in Zulu and were presented to brave warrior leaders.[5]

Much later, Baden-Powell searched for a distinctive award for the participants in the first Gilwell course. He constructed the first award using two beads from Dinizulu's necklace, and threaded them onto a leather thong given to him by an elderly South African in Mafikeng, calling it the Wood Badge.[6][1][2]

1st Gilwell Scout Group neckerchief

Wood Badge beads on top of the 1st Gilwell Scout Group neckerchief

The neckerchief is a universal symbol of Scouting and its Maclaren tartan represents Wood Badge's ties to Gilwell Park. The neckerchief, called a "necker" in British and Commonwealth Scouting associations, is a standard triangular scarf made of dove-grey cotton (wool is available on special order) that has a patch of Clan MacLaren tartan at the point.[7] The pattern was adopted in honor of a British Scout commissioner who, as a descendant of the Scottish MacLaren clan, donated money for the Gilwell Park property on which the first Wood Badge program was held.[8][2][3]

Originally, the neckerchief was made entirely of triangular pieces of the tartan, but its expense forced the adoption of the current design. The neckerchief is held together by a tan or brown leather Turk's head knot woggle.[1][2]

Significance of additional beads

Additional beads are awarded to Wood Badgers who serve as part of a Wood Badge training team. One additional bead is awarded to Assistant Leader Trainers (Wood Badge staff) and two additional beads are awarded to Leader Trainers (Wood Badge course directors), for a total of four.[2]

As part of a tradition, five beads may be worn by the "Deputy Camp Chiefs of Gilwell". The Deputy Camp Chiefs are usually the personnel of National Scout Associations in charge of Wood Badge training. The fifth bead symbolizes the Camp Chief's position as an official representative of Gilwell Park, and his or her function in maintaining the global integrity of Wood Badge training.[2]

The founder of the Scouting movement, Robert Baden-Powell, wore six beads, as did Sir Percy Everett, then Deputy Chief Scout and the Chief's right hand. Baden-Powell's beads are on display at Baden-Powell House in London. Everett endowed his six beads to be worn by the Camp Chief of Gilwell as a badge of office. Since that time the wearer of the sixth bead has generally been by the director or leader training at Gilwell Park.[2]

Other symbols

A kudu horn

The kudu horn is another Wood Badge symbol. Baden-Powell first encountered the kudu horn at the battle of Shangani, where he discovered how the Matabele warriors used it to quickly spread a signal of alarm. He used the horn at the first Scout encampment at Brownsea Island in 1907. It is used from the early Wood Badge courses to signal the beginning of the course or an activity, and to inspire Scouters to always do better.[9]

The grass fields at the back of the White House at Gilwell Park are known as the Training Ground and The Orchard, and are where Wood Badge training was held from the early years onward. A large oak, known as the Gilwell Oak, separates the two fields. The Gilwell Oak symbol is associated with Wood Badge, although the beads for the Wood Badge have never been made of this oak.[10]

Wolf Cub leaders briefly followed a separate training system beginning in 1922, in which they were awarded the Akela Badge on completion. The badge was a single fang on a leather thong. Wolf Cub Leader Trainers wore two fangs.[11][3] The Akela Badge was discontinued in 1925, and all leaders were awarded the Wood Badge on completion of their training. Very few of the fangs issued as Akela Badges can now be found.[2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Orans, Lewis P. (2004). "The Wood Badge Homepage". Pinetree Web. http://pinetreeweb.com/woodbadg.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-01. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 "The Origins of the Wood Badge". ScoutBase UK. 2003. http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/hqdocs/facts/pdfs/fs145001.pdf. Retrieved 2007-01-04. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "The origins of the Wood Badge". Johnny Walker's Scouting Milestones. 2006. http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/woodbadge.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-21. 
  4. ↑ Hillcourt, William (1964). Baden-Powell: The Two Lives of a Hero. London: Heinemann. pp. 358. 
  5. ↑ "iziQu". African History. About.com. http://africanhistory.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-isiQu.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-04. 
  6. ↑ Block, Nelson R. (1994). "The Founding of Wood Badge". Woodbadge.org. http://www.woodbadge.org/founding.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-20. 
  7. ↑ "Clan MacLaren and the Scouting Connection". Clan Maclaren.org. 2004. http://www.clanmaclarenna.org/CMSNA/home.nsf/7cf3963177286e1586256c5a00489ae2/1242531143eabbbd86256c90007fff88!OpenDocument. Retrieved 2007-01-21. 
  8. ↑ "History of Wood Badge". Scouting.org. http://www.scouting.org/factsheets/02-539.html. Retrieved 2007-01-05. 
  9. ↑ Barnard, Mike (2000). "The Kudu Horn and Scouting". Woodbadge.org. http://www.woodbadge.org/kuduhorns.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-26. 
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named historyofficial
  11. ↑ "The history of Cubbing in the United Kingdom 1916-present". ScoutBase UK. http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/history/cubs/. Retrieved 2007-01-04. 
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