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The most common cartographic convention is that [[North]] is at the top of a map. This is far from universal, however: | The most common cartographic convention is that [[North]] is at the top of a map. This is far from universal, however: | ||
* | *Polar maps of the Arctic or [[Antarctic]] regions are conventionally centered on the pole, making "north is up" meaningless. | ||
*Azimuthal or Gnomonic projections are often used in planning air routes, centered on specific origin points. | *Azimuthal or Gnomonic projections are often used in planning air routes, centered on specific origin points. | ||
*[[Richard Edes Harrison]] produced a striking series of maps during and after World War II for [[Fortune magazine]]. These used "bird's eye" projections to emphasize globally strategic "fronts" in the air age, pointing out proximities and barriers not as apparent on a conventional rectangular projection of the world. | *[[Richard Edes Harrison]] produced a striking series of maps during and after World War II for [[Fortune magazine]]. These used "bird's eye" projections to emphasize globally strategic "fronts" in the air age, pointing out proximities and barriers not as apparent on a conventional rectangular projection of the world. | ||
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Even when GIS is not involved, most cartographers now use a variety of computer graphics programs to generate new maps. | Even when GIS is not involved, most cartographers now use a variety of computer graphics programs to generate new maps. | ||
Interactive, computerised maps are commercially available, allowing users to ''zoom in'' or ''zoom out'' (respectively meaning to increase or decrease the scale), sometimes by replacing one map with another of different scale, centred where possible on the same point. In-car [[ | Interactive, computerised maps are commercially available, allowing users to ''zoom in'' or ''zoom out'' (respectively meaning to increase or decrease the scale), sometimes by replacing one map with another of different scale, centred where possible on the same point. In-car [[satellite navigation]] systems are computerised maps with route-planning and advice facilities which monitor the user's position with the help of satellites. | ||
From the computer scientist's point of view, zooming in entails one or a combination of: | From the computer scientist's point of view, zooming in entails one or a combination of: | ||
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*(2) may apply to text and (3) to the outline of a map feature such as a forest or building. | *(2) may apply to text and (3) to the outline of a map feature such as a forest or building. | ||
*(1) may apply to the text (displaying labels for more features), while (2) applies to the rest of the image. Text is not necessarily enlarged when zooming in. Similarly, a road represented by a double line may or may not become wider when one zooms in. | *(1) may apply to the text (displaying labels for more features), while (2) applies to the rest of the image. Text is not necessarily enlarged when zooming in. Similarly, a road represented by a double line may or may not become wider when one zooms in. | ||
*The map may also have layers which are partly [[raster graphics]] and partly | *The map may also have layers which are partly [[raster graphics]] and partly vector graphics. For a single raster graphics image (2) applies until the pixels in the image file correspond to the pixels of the display, thereafter (3) applies. | ||
See also [[Webpage#Graphics|Webpage (Graphics)]], [[Portable Document Format#Layers|PDF (Layers)]], [[Mapquest]], [[Google Maps]], Google Earth or [[Yahoo! Maps]]. | See also [[Webpage#Graphics|Webpage (Graphics)]], [[Portable Document Format#Layers|PDF (Layers)]], [[Mapquest]], [[Google Maps]], Google Earth or [[Yahoo! Maps]]. | ||
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*[[History of cartography]] | *[[History of cartography]] | ||
*Geography | *Geography | ||
* | *Atlas | ||
*[[Ancient world maps]] | *[[Ancient world maps]] | ||
*Globe | *Globe | ||
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*[[Dymaxion map]] | *[[Dymaxion map]] | ||
*[[Road atlas]] | *[[Road atlas]] | ||
* | *Street map | ||
*Nautical chart | *Nautical chart | ||
*[[Cartogram]] | *[[Cartogram]] | ||
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* [http://www.flourish.org/upsidedownmap/ The Upsidedown Map Page] Pictures and info about maps which are oriented without North at the top | * [http://www.flourish.org/upsidedownmap/ The Upsidedown Map Page] Pictures and info about maps which are oriented without North at the top | ||
* [http://www.citoplan.nl/citoplan/img/legenda_groot.gif Example of map legends (Cito-Plan city maps)] | * [http://www.citoplan.nl/citoplan/img/legenda_groot.gif Example of map legends (Cito-Plan city maps)] | ||
* [ | * [[wp-en:Wikipedia:Maps|Wikipedia:Maps]], use of maps on [[Wikipedia]] | ||
* [http://slashgeo.org slashgeo.org] - Community-driven and ad-free website for news and discussions about Maps and Geospatial technologies | * [http://slashgeo.org slashgeo.org] - Community-driven and ad-free website for news and discussions about Maps and Geospatial technologies | ||
* [http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060424fa_fact/ Getting There] Article on Online Maps from The New Yorker | * [http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060424fa_fact/ Getting There] Article on Online Maps from The New Yorker | ||
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id:Peta | id:Peta | ||
[[he:מפה]] | [[he:מפה]] | ||
lb:Landkaart | |||
[[ml:ഭൂപടം]] | [[ml:ഭൂപടം]] | ||
no:Kart | no:Kart | ||
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[[zh:地图]] | [[zh:地图]] | ||
[[zh-classical:地圖]] | [[zh-classical:地圖]] | ||
[[Category:Hiking equipment]] | [[Category:Hiking equipment]] | ||
[[ar:خريطة]] | |||
[[da:Kort]] | |||
[[de:Karte]] | [[de:Karte]] | ||
[[fi:Kartta]] | [[fi:Kartta]] | ||
[[fr:Carte]] | [[fr:Carte]] | ||
[[nl: | [[it:Carta topografica]] | ||
[[nl:Topografische kaart]] | |||
[[sv:Karta]] | [[sv:Karta]] | ||
